Re-evaluating the gender gap: a cross-sectional analysis of accepted American Academy of Neurology annual meeting abstracts in 2020 and 2021.

Background And Objective: Prior studies reveal that invited speaker panels, editorial boards, authors of practice guidelines, and senior authors of published articles are disproportionately male in the neurology field. We aimed to analyze a gender gap in authorship of accepted abstracts to the American Academy of Neurology annual meetings in 2020 and 2021.

Design/methods: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the proportions of female first and senior abstract authors in 2020 and 2021.

Dietary Intake and Quality among Stroke Survivors: NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: Nutrition is an important modifiable risk factor for prevention and treatment of stroke. However, examination of nutrient intake and diet quality in stroke survivors is limited.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate usual nutrient intake and diet quality in US adults with and without a history of self-reported stroke.

Interdisciplinary patient-centred poststroke care in Follow-up After Stroke, Screening and Treatment (FASST) clinic model: a proof-of-concept pilot study.

Background: Although secondary stroke prevention is important, the optimal outpatient model that improves risk factor control and decreases post-stroke complications effectively has not been established. We created Follow-up After Stroke, Screening and Treatment (FASST), an interdisciplinary clinic involving stroke physicians and pharmacists to address poststroke complications and secondary stroke prevention systemically. We present our approach to assess its proof-of-concept in our pilot study.

Telehealth Trials to Address Health Equity in Stroke Survivors.

Telehealth has seen rapid expansion into chronic care management in the past 3 years because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth for acute care management has expanded access to equitable stroke care to many patients over the past two decades, but there is limited evidence for its benefit for addressing disparities in the chronic care of patients living with stroke. In this review, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of telehealth use for the outpatient management of stroke survivors.

The effects of racism and resilience on Black stroke- survivor quality of life: Study protocol and rationale for a mixed-methods approach.

Introduction: Stroke, a life-threatening stressor, often negatively impacts stroke-survivor (SS) quality of life (QoL). Annual age-adjusted incidence and death rates for stroke are significantly higher among Black Americans than among White Americans. Racism, a significant stressor, occurs at structural, cultural, and interpersonal levels and contributes to health disparities for Black SS.

Leveraging Multimedia Patient Engagement to Address Minority Cerebrovascular Health Needs: Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Social inequities affecting minority populations after Hurricane Katrina led to an expansion of environmental justice literature. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey rainfall was estimated as a 3000- to 20,000-year flood event, further affecting minority populations with disproportionate stroke prevalence. The Stomp Out Stroke initiative leveraged multimedia engagement, creating a patient-centered cerebrovascular health intervention.

Endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large core ischemic stroke: a cost-effectiveness analysis from the SELECT study.

Background: It is unknown whether endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is cost effective in large ischemic core infarcts.

Methods: In the prospective, multicenter, cohort study of imaging selection study (SELECT), large core was defined as computed tomography (CT) ASPECTS<6 or computed tomography perfusion (CTP) ischemic core volume (rCBF<30%) ≥50 cc. A Markov model estimated costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of EVT compared with medical management (MM) over lifetime.

Call to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Structural racism has been and remains a fundamental cause of persistent health disparities in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the police killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and multiple others have been reminders that structural racism persists and restricts the opportunities for long, healthy lives of Black Americans and other historically disenfranchised groups. The American Heart Association has previously published statements addressing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk and disparities among racial and ethnic groups in the United States, but these statements have not adequately recognized structural racism as a fundamental cause of poor health and disparities in cardiovascular disease.

Routine surveillance of pelvic and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a potential conduit for paradoxical embolization to the systemic atrial circulation of a thrombus originating in the venous system. In a selected group of subjects, the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was assessed. Subjects were identified if they underwent magnetic resonance venography (MRV) pelvis and lower extremity doppler (LE-VDU) for assessment of DVT with PFO.

Racial disparities in post-stroke functional outcomes in young patients with ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Recent studies show rising incidence of stroke in the young, for which risk factors are not well characterized. There is evidence of increased risk in certain racial and ethnic groups. We assessed racial differences in risk factors, stroke etiology, and outcomes among young stroke patients.

Exercise-Related Acute Cardiovascular Events and Potential Deleterious Adaptations Following Long-Term Exercise Training: Placing the Risks Into Perspective-An Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Epidemiological and biological plausibility studies support a cause-and-effect relationship between increased levels of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced coronary heart disease events. These data, plus the well-documented anti-aging effects of exercise, have likely contributed to the escalating numbers of adults who have embraced the notion that "more exercise is better." As a result, worldwide participation in endurance training, competitive long distance endurance events, and high-intensity interval training has increased markedly since the previous American Heart Association statement on exercise risk.

Assessment of the Progression of Poststroke Depression in Ischemic Stroke Patients Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Background: Poststroke depression (PSD) affects one-third of stroke patients and is linked with higher stroke morbidity, mortality, and recurrence. Current guidelines do not direct when to screen for PSD, and predictors of PSD are not well understood. We sought to understand progression of PSD symptoms early after ischemic stroke, identify predictors of PSD, and describe the use of antidepressants in PSD.

A Retrospective Study to Identify Novel Factors Associated with Post-stroke Anxiety.

Background And Purpose: Post-stroke anxiety (PSA) is common and disabling. PSA should be considered as an important outcome in stroke. However, there is a lack of understanding of factors that may be linked to PSA.

The pleiotropy associated with de novo variants in CHD4, CNOT3, and SETD5 extends to moyamoya angiopathy.

Purpose: Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by occlusion of large arteries, which leads to strokes starting in childhood. Twelve altered genes predispose to MMA but the majority of cases of European descent do not have an identified genetic trigger.

Methods: Exome sequencing from 39 trios were analyzed.

Does care in a specialised stroke prevention clinic improve poststroke blood pressure control: a protocol for a randomised comparative effectiveness study.

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for recurrent stroke, and blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with decreased risk of stroke recurrence. However, many stroke survivors have poorly controlled BP after their initial stroke. The Stroke Transitions Education and Prevention (STEP) Clinic was established to provide a comprehensive approach to stroke risk factor reduction.

High in-hospital blood pressure variability and severe disability or death in primary intracerebral hemorrhage patients.

Objective: To quantify in-hospital systolic blood pressure variability among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, determine the association between high systolic blood pressure variability (HSBPV) and 90-day severe disability or death, and examine the association between pre-hospital factors and HSBPV.

Methods: Adult, radiologically confirmed, intracerebral hemorrhage patients enrolled in a multi-site cohort were included. Using a semi-automated algorithm, systolic blood pressure values recorded from routine non-invasive systolic blood pressure monitoring in critical and acute care settings were extracted for the duration of hospitalization.

Biochemical markers of striatal desensitization in cortical-limbic hyperglutamatergic TS- & OCD-like transgenic mice.

Tics and compulsions in comorbid Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with chronic hyperactivity of parallel cortico/amygdalo-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop circuits. Comorbid TS- & OCD-like behaviors have likewise been observed in D1CT-7 mice, in which an artificial neuropotentiating transgene encoding the cAMP-elevating intracellular subunit of cholera toxin (CT) is chronically expressed selectively in somatosensory cortical & amygdalar dopamine (DA) D1 receptor-expressing neurons that activate cortico/amygdalo-striatal glutamate (GLU) output. We've now examined in D1CT-7 mice whether the chronic GLU output from their potentiated cortical/limbic CSTC subcircuit afferents associated with TS- & OCD-like behaviors elicits desensitizing neurochemical changes in the striatum (STR).

The Impact of Pre-Stroke Depressive Symptoms, Fatalism, and Social Support on Disability after Stroke.

Background: Psychological and social factors have been linked to stroke mortality; however, their impact on stroke disability is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-stroke fatalism, depressive symptoms, and social support on 90-day neurologic, functional, and cognitive outcomes.

Methods: Ischemic strokes (2008-2011) were identified from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project.

Video-based educational intervention associated with improved stroke literacy, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction.

Background And Purpose: Interventions are needed to improve stroke literacy among recent stroke survivors. We developed an educational video for patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: A 5-minute stroke education video was shown to our AIS and ICH patients admitted from March to June 2015.

Stroke Knowledge in African Americans: A Narrative Review.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the state of knowledge in regard to stroke literacy in African Americans. This topic is important for assessing the specific gaps in stroke knowledge for this population, as well as to evaluate the methodology that has been used to assess stroke literacy.

Methods: This narrative review includes studies that evaluated and reported stroke knowledge in African Americans and were published between January 2000 and October 2015.

Stroke Outreach in an Inner City Market: A Platform for Identifying African American Males for Stroke Prevention Interventions.

Background: There are significant racial disparities in stroke incidence and mortality. Health fairs and outreach programs can be used to increase stroke literacy, but they often fail to reach those at highest risk, including African American males.

Methods: We conducted a stroke outreach and screening program at an inner city market in order to attract a high-risk group for a stroke education intervention.

Vitamin B(12) deficiency with bilateral globus pallidus abnormalities.

Objective: To describe a case of vitamin B(12) deficiency with classic and rare clinical features and novel radiographic features.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Johns Hopkins Hospital neurology service.