Readiness for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination in Germany: a comparative analysis.

Introduction: Vaccination readiness refers to psychological motives and beliefs that decisively determine individual and collective vaccination prevention behavior. Readiness to be vaccinated depends on expected individual and social benefits and harms. Differences exist in the perception of the threat of potential influenza vs.

Analyzing early childhood allergy prevention motivation of mothers of infants and its predictors using latent class analysis and structural equation modelling.

Background: Allergic diseases are among the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) behaviors of those caring for the infant during pregnancy and the first months of life may influence the risk of allergy development over the life course. Motivation and intention to use appropriate primary ECAP measures are thus of critical importance.

A narrative review of Master's programs in midwifery across selected OECD countries: Organizational aspects, competence goals and learning outcomes.

Shifting midwifery education to a university level is of great importance for healthcare systems worldwide by preparing graduates for current and future challenges. Some of them referring to management, research and teaching tasks as well as advanced practitioner roles, require competences that can only be acquired in a Master's program. The objectives of this narrative review are to outline the differences and commonalities of organizational aspects of Master's programs in selected OECD countries and to point out the competence goals and learning outcomes they are based on.

Assessment of the relevance of midwifery competencies in academic education in Germany from the midwives' perspective: A structural analysis of cross-sectional survey data.

Introduction: The acquisition of academic competencies is one of the main outcomes of the academization of midwifery education. To analyze midwives' views on the key academic competencies of the recently reformed midwifery education in Germany, an existing assessment instrument was adapted to the German context of care and psychometrically analyzed. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the relevance assessments of academic and non-academic midwives differ from each other.

Intentional and actional components of engaged participation in public health research studies: qualitative synthesis of a recruitment and retention process into the theory-informed INTACT-RS framework.

Background: Ensuring motivated and successful study participation is a key challenge in the design and conduct of health research studies. Previously, recruitment barriers and facilitators have been identified mainly from experience, and rarely based on theoretical approaches. We developed a framework of intentional and actional components of engaged participation in public health research studies (INTACT-RS), informed by psychological behavioral models.

In vivo optogenetic inhibition of striatal parvalbumin-reactive interneurons induced genotype-specific changes in neuronal activity without dystonic signs in male DYT1 knock-in mice.

The pathophysiology of early-onset torsion dystonia (TOR1A/DYT1) remains unclear. Like 70% of human mutation carriers, rodent models with ΔGAG mutation such as DYT1 knock-in (KI) mice do not show overt dystonia but have subtle sensorimotor deficits and pattern of abnormal synaptic plasticity within the striatal microcircuits. There is evidence that dysfunction of striatal parvalbumin-reactive (Parv+) fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) can be involved in dystonic signs.

Sensitive and simultaneous quantification of 16 neurotransmitters and metabolites in murine microdialysate by fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The sensitive and simultaneous measurement of multiple neurotransmitters in microdialysate (MD) of freely moving mice is a prerequisite to study neurochemical imbalances in specific brain regions. The quantitative analysis of 16 neurotransmitters and metabolites, including serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), melatonin (ME), dopamine (DA), levodopa (l-DOPA), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP), homovanillinic acid (HVA), acetylcholine (ACh), deoxy carnitine (iso-ACh), choline (Ch), and ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), adenosine (ADE), glutamine (Gln), and glutamic acid (Glu) was achieved within a chromatographic separation time of 6.5 min by the application of a biphenyl column coupled to an API-QTrap 5500 (AB SCIEX) mass spectrometer.

Development of a fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of neurotransmitters in murine microdialysate.

The continuous measurement of multiple neurotransmitters in microdialysate of freely moving mice to study neurochemical changes in specific brain regions requires a rapid and very sensitive quantitative analytical method. The quantitative analysis of 11 neurotransmitters and metabolites, including serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), melatonin (ME), dopamine (DA), levodopa (L-DOPA), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP), acetylcholine (ACh), choline (Ch), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was performed using a biphenyl column coupled to an API-QTrap 3200 (AB SCIEX) mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionization mode. To the microdialysate samples, 0.

[Evidence-Based Approaches in Rehabilitation - Research Designs and Conceptual Foundations for Analyzing the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Treatments].

Rehabilitation is evidenced based if treatments are applied that proved to enhance rehabilitation outcomes - generally patients' health or participation- effectively in a causal manner. Randomized control trials (RCTs) allow determining the efficacy of treatments unambiguously. If alternative research designs (e.

[The WHO Concept of Active Aging from the Local Perspective: A Qualitative Survey in the District of Constance].

Background: The WHO strategy for active aging comprises maintenance of health, participation in social life as well as integration and social security for the aged. As a political framework for action, the strategy supports the future aging policy of municipalities. This survey examines how local actors assess the WHO strategy of active aging.

Optogenetic augmentation of the hypercholinergic endophenotype in DYT1 knock-in mice induced erratic hyperactive movements but not dystonia.

Background: The most prevalent inherited form of generalized dystonia is caused by a mutation in torsinA (DYT1, ∆GAG) with incomplete penetrance. Rodent models with mutated torsinA do not develop dystonic symptoms, but previous ex vivo studies indicated abnormal excitation of cholinergic interneurons (ChI) and increased striatal acetylcholine.

Methods: We used in vivo optogenetics to exacerbate this endophenotype in order to determine its capacity to trigger dystonic symptoms in freely behaving mice.

Online sexual solicitation by adults and peers - Results from a population based German sample.

Prevalence of Internet use among adolescents is high, but little is known about the online sexual activities of German adolescents. This study aimed to describe the 12-month prevalence of German adolescents' online sexual experiences with a focus on Online Sexual Solicitation (OSS, subjectively negative online sexual experiences with a peer or any sexual online experience, positive or negative, with an adult). A sample of male and female adolescents aged 14-17 (N=2238) was recruited using online survey panel.

Osteotomy models - the current status on pain scoring and management in small rodents.

Fracture healing is a complex regeneration process which produces new bone tissue without scar formation. However, fracture healing disorders occur in approximately 10% of human patients and cause severe pain and reduced quality of life. Recently, the development of more standardized, sophisticated and commercially available osteosynthesis techniques reflecting clinical approaches has increased the use of small rodents such as rats and mice in bone healing research dramatically.

The association between obesity and mental rotation ability in an adolescent sample.

Obesity has been related to deficient mental rotation performance. We assessed object-based and egocentric MR tasks in 19 obese and 19 normal-weight participants. Results showed slower response times of obese adolescents only for high angular disparities.

Effects of Karate Training Versus Mindfulness Training on Emotional Well-Being and Cognitive Performance in Later Life.

In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of karate versus a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention on well-being and cognitive functioning in older adults. Fifty-five adults (52-81 years old) participated in twice-weekly karate versus MBSR sessions or no training for 8 weeks. In pre- and postassessments, subjective well-being, health, cognitive functioning, and chronic stress were measured.

Social Anxiety and Loneliness in Adults Who Solicit Minors Online.

This study examined the association of social anxiety, loneliness, and problematic Internet use (PIU) with the online solicitation of minors. Within a convenience sample of adult Internet users from Germany, Finland, and Sweden ( N = 2,828), we compared the responses of participants who had not interacted sexually with strangers online ( n = 2,049) with participants who sexually interacted with unknown adults online ( n = 642), and both groups with adults who sexually solicited unknown minors online ( n = 137). Online sexual interaction with adults was associated with higher levels of social anxiety, loneliness, and PIU compared with not sexually interacting with strangers online.

Adult-Adult and Adult-Child/Adolescent Online Sexual Interactions: An Exploratory Self-Report Study on the Role of Situational Factors.

Alcohol intoxication, sexual arousal, and negative emotional states have been found to precede certain sexual behaviors. Using data from an online self-report survey distributed to adults (N = 717; 423 men and 304 women), we compared adults with adult online sexual interactions (n = 640; 89.3%) to adults with interactions with a child or an adolescent (n = 77; 10.

Dextran-coated silica nanoparticles for calcium-sensing.

This article describes the synthesis and characterisation of fluorescent composite nanoparticles consisting of a silica core and a dextran shell. The silica core contains a rhodamine-based reference dye, which allows ratiometric measurements and the dextran shell is labelled with the Ca(2+)-sensitive dye Fluo-4. The nanoparticles have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 95 nm, good colloidal stability and show a 2.

Sub-10-micrometer toughening and crack tip toughness of dental enamel.

In previous studies, enamel showed indications to occlude small cracks in-vivo and exhibited R-curve behaviors for bigger cracks ex-vivo. This study quantifies the crack tip's toughness (K(I0),K(III0)), the crack's closure stress and the cohesive zone size at the crack tip of enamel and investigates the toughening mechanisms near the crack tip down to the length scale of a single enamel crystallite. The crack-opening-displacement (COD) profile of cracks induced by Vickers indents on mature bovine enamel was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

On the design of fluorescent ratiometric nanosensors.

Advances in nanoparticle technology have recently offered new tools to the bioanalytical field of research. In particular, new nanoparticle-based sensors have appeared able to give quantitative information about different species (ions, metabolites, biomolecules) in biosamples through ratiometric measurements. This article describes the methodologies developed so far in the design of such nanosensors.

Evaluation of fluorescent polysaccharide nanoparticles for pH-sensing.

The comprehensive characterization of novel dextran nanoparticles with regard to their suitability as pH-sensors for analytical applications (e.g. in physiology) is described.