Publications by authors named "Anja Olsen"
Article Synopsis
- - This study examines the link between long-term alcohol consumption patterns and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, using data from nearly 29,000 women aged 50-65 from a Danish cohort.
- - Researchers identified four different alcohol consumption profiles and found that women whose average intake exceeded 10g per day had a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to those who consumed less than 6g per day.
- - The findings show that a consistent high alcohol intake throughout adulthood increased breast cancer risk, while women with lower alcohol intake during early adulthood who later increased their consumption did not show a higher risk compared to those with consistently low intake.
Article Synopsis
- A study analyzed the link between different levels of food processing and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, using data from the EPIC cohort involving nearly 312,000 participants over about 11 years.
- The results showed that higher intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, while unprocessed/minimally processed foods and processed foods were linked to a lower risk.
- Sub-group analysis revealed specific types of UPF, like certain breads and plant-based alternatives, that, surprisingly, were associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Background: Although potatoes are considered a dietary staple in some cultures, evidence suggests that their impact on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is nuanced, with preparation methods and dietary patterns playing crucial roles. Investigating the substitution effects of replacing potatoes with other foods is required to inform dietary recommendations for lowering T2D risk.
Objective: The objective of this was to investigate associations between the substitution of potatoes (excluding fries/chips) with other food groups (vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, poultry, fish, and dairy) and the risk of T2D.
Article Synopsis
- * No significant associations were found between individual metabolites or patterns and overall prostate cancer risk after adjusting for multiple tests, except for six specific phosphatidylcholines linked to advanced cases diagnosed within 10 years.
- * Two metabolite patterns (1 and 2) showed inverse associations with advanced prostate cancer, while pattern 3 was related to prostate cancer death, indicating that metabolite profiles may change several years before advanced disease is detected.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to assess whether plasma Vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) can predict the onset of type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of over 222,000 individuals from Denmark's primary healthcare system.
- - Analyzed data showed that out of the participants, 3.4% developed type 2 diabetes, and those affected had significantly lower Vitamin D levels compared to those who did not develop the condition.
- - The results indicated a 15% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes for every 10 nmol/L decrease in Vitamin D level, suggesting a need for further research to explore causation and potential benefits of Vitamin D supplementation.
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the associations between parental BMI and offspring BMI trajectories and to explore whether the parent-offspring BMI growth trajectory association differed according to family SEP or social mobility.
Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Children's weight and height were collected from 1 to 18 years.
Association of body shape phenotypes and body fat distribution indexes with inflammatory biomarkers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and UK Biobank.
BMC Med
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to compare traditional and novel body shape indexes (like ABSI and HI) regarding their associations with inflammation markers, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP), using data from the EPIC and UK Biobank cohorts.
- Participants included nearly 444,000 individuals, with the analysis involving various body shape phenotypes derived from measurements such as height and weight.
- Results indicated that traditional measures like BMI and waist circumference were positively linked to CRP levels, while some body phenotypes showed varying associations by sex, highlighting the complexity of body shape and inflammation relationships.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.
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- The study aimed to compare different dietary scores derived from the EAT-Lancet reference diet and examine their links to health outcomes like mortality and stroke incidence, as well as their environmental impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions.
- A systematic review identified seven different diet scores and analyzed their effectiveness in categorizing participants according to the EAT-Lancet recommendations across three diverse cohorts: Danish, Swedish, and Mexican populations.
- The findings indicated that two scores (Stubbendorff and Colizzi) effectively grouped participants based on adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, with higher scores correlating to a lower risk of all-cause mortality and stroke events.
Article Synopsis
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are linked to higher overall and cause-specific mortality risks, particularly cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- A study involving 15,784 participants found that a higher Fatty Liver Index (FLI), indicating more severe liver fat accumulation, correlated with increased mortality rates, especially for CVD.
- Individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic syndrome show heightened mortality risks, suggesting the need for greater awareness and management of these conditions.
Background: Healthy lifestyles are inversely associated with the risk of noncommunicable diseases, which are leading causes of death. However, few studies have used longitudinal data to assess the impact of changing lifestyle behaviours on all-cause and cancer mortality.
Methods: Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, lifestyle profiles of 308,497 cancer-free adults (71% female) aged 35-70 years at recruitment across nine countries were assessed with baseline and follow-up questionnaires administered on average of 7 years apart.
Introduction: Nitrate and nitrite are naturally occurring in both plant- and animal-sourced foods, are used as additives in the processing of meat, and are found in water. There is growing evidence that they exhibit a spectrum of health effects, depending on the dietary source. The aim of the study was to examine source-dependent associations between dietary intakes of nitrate/nitrite and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
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- The study focuses on the antibody response to the Chlamydia trachomatis Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP), particularly the Variable Domain 4 (VD4) region, comparing responses from infected individuals and those vaccinated with the CTH522 vaccine.
- Research methods included high density peptide arrays and competitive inhibition to explore the neutralising capability of the VD4 epitope in both infected individuals and vaccinated participants.
- Findings showed a more consistent VD4 antibody response in vaccinated individuals, leading to effective infection inhibition, while the response in infected individuals was varied, with only a minority showing functional neutralising antibodies.
An investigation of trachoma vaccine regimens by the chlamydia vaccine CTH522 administered with cationic liposomes in healthy adults (CHLM-02): a phase 1, double-blind trial.
Lancet Infect Dis
August 2024
Background: There is no vaccine against the major global pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis; its different serovars cause trachoma in the eye or chlamydia in the genital tract. We did a clinical trial administering CTH522, a recombinant version of the C trachomatis major outer membrane molecule, in different dose concentrations with and without adjuvant, to establish its safety and immunogenicity when administered intramuscularly, intradermally, and topically into the eye, in prime-boost regimens.
Methods: CHLM-02 was a phase 1, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Clinical Research Facility, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examined how following the EAT-Lancet diet affects body weight and waist circumference (WC) over five years among midlife participants from Denmark.
- - Results indicated that while adherence to the diet didn’t lead to significant changes in weight, it was linked to a lower waist circumference and reduced risk of obesity.
- - The findings suggest that the EAT-Lancet diet is beneficial for waist size but does not contribute to weight gain over time.
Background: The dietary source and intake levels of nitrate and nitrite may govern its deleterious versus beneficial effects on human health. Existing evidence on detailed source-specific intake is limited. The objectives of this study were to assess nitrate and nitrite intakes from different dietary sources (plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and water), characterize the background diets of participants with low and high intakes, and investigate how sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associate with intake levels.
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- Research highlights the importance of healthy aging amidst growing elderly populations, with diet and lifestyle playing crucial roles, especially whole grains.
- A study using data from over 48,000 participants in Denmark revealed that doubling whole grain intake can lead to significant increases in years lived without disease, particularly in men.
- Overall, higher whole grain consumption in mid-life is linked to longer life expectancy and healthier aging over a 20-year period.
Gut barrier dysfunction and related inflammation are known to be associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated associations of 292 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 27 genes related to endotoxins/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing and tolerance, mucin synthesis, inflammation, and Crohn's disease with colon and rectal cancer risks. Incident CRC cases (N=1,374; colon=871, rectum=503) were matched 1:1 to controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.
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- - The study investigates the relationship between specific lipid metabolites and colorectal cancer risk using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), comparing 1,591 colorectal cancer cases with matched controls.
- - Out of 97 lipid metabolites analyzed, 24 showed an inverse association with colon cancer risk, notably hydroxysphingomyelin (SM (OH)) C22:2 and acylakyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC ae) C34:3, which remained significant even after adjustments.
- - The findings suggest that higher pre-diagnostic levels of certain lipids may be linked to a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer, warranting further research to confirm these associations.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the effectiveness of the Chlamydia vaccine CTH522/CAF®01 by comparing immune responses in female mice and humans to see how well they align.
- - Researchers found that certain immune responses, like Th1/Th17 cytokine profiles and specific antibody functions, were consistent between the two species, indicating potential effectiveness in humans.
- - The mouse model showed that the vaccine provided long-lasting immunity, reduced bacterial infections, and demonstrated the possibility of moving forward with a phase IIb clinical trial.
In this study, we aimed to provide novel evidence on the impact of changing lifestyle habits on cancer risk. In the EPIC cohort, 295,865 middle-aged participants returned a lifestyle questionnaire at baseline and during follow-up. At both timepoints, we calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score based on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index and physical activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) aggregates in families and offspring with parental CVD may have adverse risk factor levels long time before the potential onset of CVD. We compared risk factor levels in offspring of parents with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and parents with no ASCVD at different parental ages at onset.
Methods: The study included 5751 participants (median age: 50 years) of the Diet, Cancer and Health - Next Generations study.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigated how lifestyle factors interact with genetic predisposition to affect the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) in a cohort of Danish participants, finding that both play crucial roles in AF incidence.
- - Researchers categorized participants based on their lifestyle choices (poor, intermediate, ideal) and genetic risk scores, discovering that incidence rates of AF were higher among those with worse lifestyles, regardless of genetic risk.
- - The results indicated a significant interaction between lifestyle and genetic risk, highlighting that improving lifestyle factors is especially important for individuals with a high genetic predisposition to AF.