Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Signatures of Obese High and Low Responders to Endurance Exercise Training.

Context: Exercise training is known to improve glucose tolerance and reverse insulin resistance in people with obesity. However, some individuals fail to improve or even decline in their clinical traits following exercise intervention.

Objective: This study focused on gene expression and DNA methylation signatures in skeletal muscle of low (LRE) and high responders (RES) to 8 weeks of supervised endurance training.

Acute and long-term exercise adaptation of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans: a matched transcriptomics approach after 8-week training-intervention.

Background: Exercise exerts many health benefits by directly inducing molecular alterations in physically utilized skeletal muscle. Molecular adaptations of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) might also contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases.

Aim: To characterize the response of human SCAT based on changes in transcripts and mitochondrial respiration to acute and repeated bouts of exercise in comparison to skeletal muscle.

Exercise-Induced N-Lactoylphenylalanine Predicts Adipose Tissue Loss during Endurance Training in Overweight and Obese Humans.

Physical exercise is a powerful measure to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. However, the individual response to lifestyle interventions is variable and cannot, to date, be predicted. N-Lactoylphenylalanine (Lac-Phe) produced during exercise has recently been shown to mediate weight loss in obese mice.

The Acute Cytokine Response to 30-Minute Exercise Bouts Before and After 8-Week Endurance Training in Individuals With Obesity.

Context: One acute bout of exercise leads to a rapid increase in the systemic cytokine concentration. Regular exercise might alter the cytokine response, in particular in beforehand untrained and obese individuals.

Objective: Using a proximity extension assay, we studied the effects of acute exercise as well as endurance training on a panel of 92 cytokines related to inflammation.

Label-Free Determination of the Kinetic Parameters of Protein-Aptamer Interaction by Surface Plasmon Resonance.

Due to their high specificity and affinity to target molecules, aptamers can be used as powerful tools in diagnostics, therapeutics, and environmental or food analytics. For the use in various applications, the detailed characterization of their binding behavior is an important step after selection to determine the interaction strength between the aptamer and its target and to find the best kinetics depending on the field of application. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy is a powerful technology to investigate important parameters in molecular interaction, for example, kinetics, affinity, and specificity.

The use of high-affinity polyhistidine binders as masking probes for the selection of an NDM-1 specific aptamer.

The emergence of carbapenemase-producing multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae poses a dramatic, world-wide health risk. Limited treatment options and a lack of easy-to-use methods for the detection of infections with multi-drug resistant bacteria leave the health-care system with a fast-growing challenge. Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA molecules that bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity and can therefore serve as outstanding detection probes.

TGF-β Induction of miR-143/145 Is Associated to Exercise Response by Influencing Differentiation and Insulin Signaling Molecules in Human Skeletal Muscle.

Physical training improves insulin sensitivity and can prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, approximately 20% of individuals lack a beneficial outcome in glycemic control. TGF-β, identified as a possible upstream regulator involved in this low response, is also a potent regulator of microRNAs (miRNAs).

Pancreatic fat cells of humans with type 2 diabetes display reduced adipogenic and lipolytic activity.

Obesity, especially visceral fat accumulation, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of T2D on the pancreatic fat depot. Pancreatic fat pads from 17 partial pancreatectomized patients (PPP) were collected, pancreatic preadipocytes isolated, and in vitro differentiated.

Response of Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue and Muscle to 8 Weeks of Endurance Exercise in Obese Subjects.

Context: Exercise training improves glycemic control and increases mitochondrial content and respiration capacity in skeletal muscle. Rodent studies suggest that training increases mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue.

Objective: To assess the effects of endurance training on respiratory capacities of human skeletal muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and to study the correlation with improvement in insulin sensitivity.

Uptake of silica nanoparticles in the brain and effects on neuronal differentiation using different in vitro models.

Nanomedicine offers a promising tool for therapies of brain diseases, but they may be associated with potential adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of silica-nanoparticles engineered for laser-tissue soldering in the brain using SH-SY5Y cells, dissociated and organotypic slice cultures from rat hippocampus. Nanoparticles were predominantly taken up by microglial cells in the hippocampal cultures but nanoparticles were also found in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.

Immunotoxic effects of environmental toxicants in fish - how to assess them?

Numerous environmental chemicals, both long-known toxicants such as persistent organic pollutants as well as emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, are known to modulate immune parameters of wildlife species, what can have adverse consequences for the fitness of individuals including their capability to resist pathogen infections. Despite frequent field observations of impaired immunocompetence and increased disease incidence in contaminant-exposed wildlife populations, the potential relevance of immunotoxic effects for the ecological impact of chemicals is rarely considered in ecotoxicological risk assessment. A limiting factor in the assessment of immunotoxic effects might be the complexity of the immune system what makes it difficult (1) to select appropriate exposure and effect parameters out of the many immune parameters which could be measured, and (2) to evaluate the significance of the selected parameters for the overall fitness and immunocompetence of the organism.

Monitoring daunorubicin-induced alterations in protein expression in pancreas carcinoma cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Tumors of the pancreas are characterized by a high intrinsic potency to develop chemoresistance towards cytotoxic drugs, which is the main cause of ineffective treatment. The phenomenon of multidrug resistance is known to be a multifactorial event in which several mechanisms act simultaneously. We investigated the response of pancreas tumor cells after exposure to the anthracycline daunorubicin (DRC), a well-known antitumor agent in chemotherapy, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).