An individual participant data meta-analysis on metabolomics profiles for obesity and insulin resistance in European children.

Childhood obesity prevalence is rising in countries worldwide. A variety of etiologic factors contribute to childhood obesity but little is known about underlying biochemical mechanisms. We performed an individual participant meta-analysis including 1,020 pre-pubertal children from three European studies and investigated the associations of 285 metabolites measured by LC/MS-MS with BMI z-score, height, weight, HOMA, and lipoprotein concentrations.

Do adolescents with extreme obesity differ according to previous treatment seeking behavior? The Youth with Extreme obesity Study (YES) cohort.

Objectives: Adolescent extreme obesity is associated with somatic and psychiatric comorbidity, low quality of life, and social dysfunction. Nevertheless, few adolescents seek obesity treatment, thus many may elope appropriate care. We examine whether previous treatment seeking relates to disease burden, and whether previously non-treatment seeking adolescents accept diagnostic and therapeutic offers.

Changes in Satiety Hormones in Response to Leptin Treatment in a Patient with Leptin Deficiency.

Background: We tested whether leptin treatment affects secretion of satiety-related gut peptides and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a regulator of energy homeostasis downstream of hypothalamic leptin signaling.

Methods: We report the case of a morbidly obese 14.7-year-old girl with a novel previously reported homozygous leptin gene mutation, in whom hormone secretion was evaluated in 30-min intervals for 10 h (07.

Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence.

Objective: Current guidelines for prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence are discussed.

Methods: A literature search was performed in Medline via PubMed, and appropriate studies were analyzed.

Results: Programs to prevent childhood obesity have so far remained mainly school-based and effects have been limited.

Metabolomics reveals an entanglement of fasting leptin concentrations with fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis in healthy children.

Background: Leptin and adiponectin communicate with organ systems in order to regulate energetic and metabolic homeostasis. Their different points of action have been well characterized; however, no study has investigated their interrelationship with the metabolism at the molecular level in vivo.

Objective: To examine the associations of leptin and adiponectin with the metabolic profile reflecting the intercellular and interorgan communication as well as activated metabolic pathways.

A Structured, Manual-Based Low-Level Intervention vs. Treatment as Usual Evaluated in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Adolescents with Extreme Obesity - the STEREO Trial.

Background: To compare efficacy and safety of a manual-based low-level psychological intervention with treatment as usual (weight loss treatment).

Methods: A two-armed randomized controlled trial without blinding and computer-based stratified block randomization included adolescents and young adults (14.0-24.

Measurement of immunofunctional leptin to detect and monitor patients with functional leptin deficiency.

Context And Aims: Functional leptin deficiency is characterized by high levels of circulating immunoreactive leptin (irLep), but a reduced bioactivity of the hormone due to defective receptor binding. As a result of the fact that affected patients can be successfully treated with metreleptin, it was aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic tool to detect functional leptin deficiency.

Methods: An immunoassay capable of recognizing the functionally relevant receptor-binding complex with leptin was developed (bioLep).

Sonographically Assessed Intra-Abdominal Fat And Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents with Extreme Obesity.

Objective: The metabolic and cardiovascular risk of obesity is predominantly defined through the amount of intra-abdominal fat (IAF). Regarding this risk and the benefits of weight reduction gender-specific differences have been described. The aim of this study was to examine the gender-specific relationship between IAF assessed via ultrasound and the cardiometabolic risk profile in extremely obese adolescents before and after weight loss.

Severe Early-Onset Obesity Due to Bioinactive Leptin Caused by a p.N103K Mutation in the Leptin Gene.

Context: Congenital leptin deficiency is a very rare cause of severe early-onset obesity. We recently characterized a mutation in the leptin gene (p.D100Y), which was associated with detectable leptin levels and bioinactivity of the hormone.

Intrafamilial associations of cardiometabolic risk factors--results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Study.

Background: The identification of genetic, early childhood and lifestyle factors related to cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood is important for the development of preventive strategies against cardiovascular diseases. Intrafamilial associations of cardiometabolic risk factors are rarely studied and the few existing results are inconsistent.

Aims: To study the relationship of cardiometabolic risk factors in parent-offspring pairs (trios) of the prospective Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS).

Weight loss in children and adolescents.

Background: 15% of children and adolescents in Germany are overweight, including 6.3% who are affected by obesity. The efficacy of conservative weight-loss treatments has been demonstrated, but there has not yet been a detailed analysis of their efficacy in terms of the amount of weight loss that can be expected.

Restrained and external-emotional eating patterns in young overweight children-results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Study.

Childhood obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges in Western countries. Abnormal eating behavior is thought to be a developmental trajectory to obesity. The Eating Pattern Inventory for Children (EPI-C) has not been used for children as young as eight years, and possible associations with body weight have not yet been established.

Unexpected plateauing of childhood obesity rates in developed countries.

Surveys performed in the past 10 to 15 years show a yet unexplained stabilization or decline in prevalence rates of childhood obesity in developed countries. The projected continuous increase in obesity prevalence throughout future decades seems not to occur at present. Apparently, saturation has been reached, which might be related to societal adjustments.

Plasma insulin levels in childhood are related to maternal factors--results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Study.

Aims: The cardiovascular risk factor profile of a child as well as the development of body weight are influenced by genetic and childhood factors. Circulating insulin concentrations reflect the metabolic cardiovascular risk and may trigger weight gain. We aimed at identifying parental and childhood factors which may influence fasting plasma insulin concentrations in children.

Medical and psychosocial implications of adolescent extreme obesity - acceptance and effects of structured care, short: Youth with Extreme Obesity Study (YES).

Background: Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity have increased in German children and adolescents in the last three decades. Adolescents with extreme obesity represent a distinct risk group. On the basis of data obtained by the German Child and Youth Survey (KiGGS) and the German district military offices we estimate that the group of extremely obese adolescents (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) currently encompasses approximately 200.

Impaired HDL function in obese adolescents: impact of lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery.

Objective: HDL regulates endothelial function via stimulation of nitric oxide production. It is documented that endothelial function is impaired in obese adolescents, and improved by lifestyle interventions (LI).

Design And Methods: HDL function in obese adolescents and the impact of LI or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) was assessed.

Long-term stabilization effects of leptin on brain functions in a leptin-deficient patient.

Context: Congenital leptin deficiency, caused by a very rare mutation in the gene encoding leptin, leads to severe obesity, hyperphagia and impaired satiety. The only systemic treatment is the substitution with metreleptin leading to weight reduction based on hormonal changes. Several studies have also shown alterations in brain function after metreleptin therapy.

Silent slipped capital femoral epiphysis in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Abnormal loading of the hip in obese children may lead to anatomic alterations and an increased prevalence of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). The aims of this study were to examine the hip motion in obese children and adolescents and to estimate the prevalence of SCFE in a subgroup of patients characterized by pathological clinical examination and/or pain in the knee or hip joint. A total of 411 individuals (196 males), mean age 14.

Declining prevalence rates for overweight and obesity in German children starting school.

Unlabelled: To estimate the development of prevalence rates for overweight and obesity in children starting school in Germany, data for children's height and weight out of the compulsory school enrolment examinations (SEE), conducted annually in every German federal state, were available. A former analysis of these data showed a marked increase of prevalence of overweight and obesity until 2004. The aim of this project was to give an updated overview on the development of prevalence rates for overweight and obesity in children upon school entry by including recent data until 2008.

Leptin therapy in a congenital leptin-deficient patient leads to acute and long-term changes in homeostatic, reward, and food-related brain areas.

Context: Mutations that lead to congenital leptin deficiency cause severe obesity, hyperphagia, and impaired satiety due to malfunctions of peripheral and brain-related mechanisms.

Design And Patient: In a leptin-deficient adolescent girl, we investigated brain-related changes before and at two time points after leptin therapy (3 d and 6 months). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during visual stimulation with food (high and low caloric) and nonfood pictures.