Exposure assessment is crucial for risk assessment for nanomaterials. We propose a framework to aid exposure assessment in consumer products. We determined the location of the nanomaterials and the chemical identify of the 580 products listed in the inventory maintained by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, of which 37% used nanoparticles suspended in liquids, whereas <1% contained "free airborne nanoparticles".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom a theoretical point of view, it has often been argued that the model of independent action (IA) is the most correct reference model to use for predicting the joint effect of mixtures of chemicals with different molecular target sites. The theory of IA, however, relies on a number of assumptions that are rarely fulfilled in practice. It has even been argued that, theoretically, the concentration addition (CA) model could be just as correct.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFungicides inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergostrol, such as the triazoles and imidazoles, have been shown to enhance the effect of insecticides on birds, mammals and invertebrates in the terrestrial environment. The synergy is proposed to be due to an effect on P450 monooxygenase enzymes active in pesticide metabolism in these organisms. Fungicides often enter the aquatic environment jointly with other pesticides.
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