Management of carotid cavernous fistulas: A single center experience.

Purpose: Multimodal endovascular therapy (EVT) of carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) with different approaches and a variety of available embolization material enable high occlusion rates with good clinical and functional outcome but until now there is still little evidence available. This retrospective single-center study aims to evaluate EVT of CCF with different neuroendovascular techniques regarding occlusion rates, complications and outcomes.

Materials And Methods: From 2001 to 2021 59 patients with CCF were treated at our tertiary university hospital.

Presentation of Graves' orbitopathy within European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) centres from 2012 to 2019 (PREGO III).

Background: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is subject to epidemiological and care-related changes. Aim of the survey was to identify trends in presentation of GO to the European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) tertiary referral centres and initial management over time.

Methods: Prospective observational multicentre study.

Graves' disease.

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the thyroid gland. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and occurs at all ages but especially in women of reproductive age. Graves' hyperthyroidism is caused by autoantibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) that act as agonists and induce excessive thyroid hormone secretion, releasing the thyroid gland from pituitary control.

Noninflammatory Diffuse Follicular Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia of Graves Disease: Morphometric Evaluation in an Experimental Mouse Model.

Objectives: Experimental models of Graves hyperthyroid disease accompanied by Graves orbitopathy (GO) can be efficiently induced in susceptible inbred strains of mice by immunization by electroporation of heterologous human TSH receptor (TSHR) A-subunit plasmid. The interrelated pathological findings in the thyroid glands of Graves disease (GD) that explain the core changes classically include diffuse follicular hyperplasia and multifocal mild lymphocytic infiltrate. However, the relative contributions of different thyroid tissue components (colloid, follicular cells, and stroma) have not been previously evaluated.

Tendon Elongation with Bovine Pericardium in Patients with Severe Esotropia after Decompression in Graves' Orbitopathy-efficacy and Long-term Stability.

Background/aims: We performed a retrospective analysis to examine clinical results, establish a dose-effect coefficient and analyze the long-term efficacy of tendon elongation with bovine pericardium (Tutopatch®) for surgical correction of severe esotropia, occurring after three-wall orbital decompression for dysthyroid optic neuropathy in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO).

Methods: Tendon elongation of the medial rectus muscle (MR) was performed in our institution using an interponate of bovine pericardium in 60 patients (27 underwent unilateral and 33 bilateral surgery). Success-rate (total horizontal deviation of 10 prism-diopters (PD) or less and evidence of binocular single vision with or without prism glasses) and horizontal motility were examined 3 months, 1 and >4 years after surgery.

A novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO): clathrin is a possible targeting molecule for inhibiting local immune response in the orbit.

Introduction: Excessive orbital fibroblast (OF) proliferation and extracellular matrix production, as well as inflammation resulting in the expansion and remodeling of orbital tissue, are characteristic of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Our aim was to analyze and inhibit signaling pathways in resident OF that are involved in GO. METHODS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary human OF were obtained from 12 patients with active, severe GO and from 12 healthy control subjects.

A retrospective study on the efficacy of total absorbed orbital doses of 12, 16 and 20 Gy combined with systemic steroid treatment in patients with Graves' orbitopathy.

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that typically affects the thyroid gland. Thirty to sixty percent of patients also suffer from orbital inflammation. Retrobulbar radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy (GO) has been used for decades, though there is no direct evidence for the influence of dose and fractionation schedules on various signs and symptoms.

Patients with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy have a higher risk of relapsing hyperthyroidism and are unlikely to remain in remission.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between severity of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and relapse/remission rate of associated thyroid disease.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and fifty-eight patients with Graves' disease (GD) were seen within the first 6-12 months after the onset of GO and were followed for at least 18 months. During treatment, GO was classified as mild (n = 65) or severe course (n = 93) by severity and activity scores.

Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies are independent risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy and help to predict severity and outcome of the disease.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether TSH-receptor antibody [TSH binding inhibitory antibodies (TBII)] levels are associated with the severity of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) over the entire course of the disease.

Methods And Patients: A total of 159 patients with GO were followed for 12-24 months. One year after the first symptoms of GO, all patients were classified into mild or severe GO according to their clinical manifestations.

Clinical results of anti-inflammatory therapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy and association with thyroidal autoantibodies.

Objective: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is clinically associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, and autoantibodies to thyroidal antigens, especially to the TSH-receptor (TRAb), might be involved in the disease process. While there is mounting evidence that TRAb are associated with GO at the onset of the disease, so far no studies have looked at the association between thyroidal autoantibodies and the clinical outcome of GO therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate whether TSH binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) and thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) are still associated with the clinical activity and severity of GO after the completion of anti-inflammatory therapy.

Dry eye syndrome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: lacrimal expression of TSH receptor suggests involvement of TSHR-specific autoantibodies.

Purpose: We evaluated the relationship between ocular surface damage, elevated lid aperture/impaired Bell's phenomenon and reduced tear production in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Suspecting a possible role of autoantibodies specific for TSH receptor (TSHR), we further investigated TSHR expression in the healthy lacrimal gland (LG).

Methods: A total of 48 patients with active TAO and 26 controls were examined for basal tear secretion, Rose Bengal and fluorescein staining, impression cytology (IPC), break-up time (BUT), and blinking (lid width, lid closure, ocular surface, upward excursion).

Differential efficacy of human recombinant interferon-alpha2a on ocular and extraocular manifestations of Behçet disease: results of an open 4-center trial.

Objective: Behçet disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis of unknown origin. Standard treatment mainly comprises systemic immunosuppressive agents. In a study primarily designed for refractory ocular disease, we additionally evaluated the efficacy of recombinant human interferon-alpha2a (rhIFN-alpha2a) on the extraocular manifestations of BD.