A reimbursement framework for artificial intelligence in healthcare.

Responsible adoption of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) requires that AI systems which benefit patients and populations, including autonomous AI systems, are incentivized financially at a consistent and sustainable level. We present a framework for analytically determining value and cost of each unique AI service. The framework’s processes involve affected stakeholders, including patients, providers, legislators, payors, and AI creators, in order to find an optimum balance among ethics, workflow, cost, and value as identified by each of these stakeholders.

The role of NADPH oxidase in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice.

Obstructive sleep apnea, characterized by intermittent periods of hypoxemia, is an independent risk factor for the development of pulmonary hypertension. However, the exact mechanisms of this disorder remain to be defined. Enhanced NADPH oxidase expression and superoxide (O2(-).

Attenuation of signaling and nitric oxide production following prolonged leptin exposure in human aortic endothelial cells.

Acute leptin exposure stimulates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro. In contrast, chronic elevations in circulating leptin levels in patients with obesity are associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired endothelial NO production. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the direct effects of acute and more sustained leptin stimulation on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs).