Perspectives of Caregivers on Access to Health Care for Children with CKD.

Introduction: Inequitable access to health care based on demographic factors such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status and geographical location has been consistently found in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little is known about the perspectives of caregivers on accessing health care. We described caregivers' perspectives on accessing health care for children with CKD from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds and/or rural or remote areas.

Measuring Social Functioning in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Social functioning is a key aspect of daily life and is important to patients living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their caregivers. Many patients with CKD experience debilitating symptoms and treatment burden that can diminish their social functioning and thereby overall social health, which is the aspect of a person's well-being relating to their interactions and connections with others. In patients with CKD, symptoms (e.

Public health and prevention research within the Medical Research Future Fund.

Objective: To explore the amount and type of research funded under relevant Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) Initiatives that addressed public health and prevention from 2018 to July 2023.

Methods: Projects funded by six MRFF Initiatives, with objectives relevant to public health and public health nominated as "field of research" by >25% of applicants, were evaluated against a set of public health research criteria and were categorised based on levels of prevention.

Results: Fifty-seven per cent of 249 funded projects were categorised as public health research.

Causal Relationship Between Kidney Function and Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Rationale & Objective: Patients treated with kidney replacement therapy experience a 1.5- to 2-fold increased risk of cancer and cancer mortality compared with the general population. Whether this excess risk extends to people with earlier stage chronic kidney disease and whether reduced kidney function is causally related to cancer is unclear.

Socioeconomic Position and Health Among Children and Adolescents With CKD Across the Life-Course.

Children and adolescents in families of lower socioeconomic position (SEP) experience an inequitable burden of reduced access to healthcare and poorer health. For children living with chronic kidney disease (CKD), disadvantaged SEP may exacerbate their considerable disease burden. Across the life-course, CKD may also compromise the SEP of families and young people, leading to accumulating health and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Patient-Centered Research and Outcomes in Cancer and Kidney Transplantation.

Cancer has been identified by kidney transplant recipients as a critically important outcome. The co-occurrence of cancer and kidney transplantation represents a complex intersection of diseases, symptoms, and competing priorities for treatments. Research that focuses on biochemical parameters and clinical events may not capture the priorities of patients.

Intra-generational social mobility and mortality among older men in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project: A cohort study.

Objectives: We examined associations between intra-generational social mobility (reflected in life-course socioeconomic trajectories) and mortality, among older men.

Methods: Data came from a prospective Australian community-based cohort of older men. Social mobility was defined by socioeconomic indicators from three points in the life-course: educational attainment (late adolescence-early adulthood), occupation (mid-life), and current sources of income (older age).

Overadjustment bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of socio-economic inequalities in health: a meta-research scoping review.

Background: Overadjustment bias occurs when researchers adjust for an explanatory variable on the causal pathway from exposure to outcome, which leads to biased estimates of the causal effect of the exposure. This meta-research review aimed to examine how previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of socio-economic inequalities in health have managed overadjustment bias.

Methods: We searched Medline and Embase until 16 April 2021 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies on associations between individual-level socio-economic position and health outcomes in any population.

School attendance and sport participation amongst children with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional analysis from the Kids with CKD (KCAD) study.

Background: School attendance and life participation, particularly sport, is a high priority for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study is aimed at assessing the association between CKD stage, sports participation, and school absences in children with CKD.

Methods: Using data from the binational Kids with CKD study (ages 6-18 years, n = 377), we performed multivariable regression to evaluate the association between CKD stage, school absences, and sports participation.

Mendelian randomization for nephrologists.

Confounding is a major limitation of observational studies. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful study design that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to enable examination of the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome in observational data. With the emergence of large-scale genome-wide association studies in nephrology over the past decade, MR has become a popular method to establish causal inferences.

Sex and Gender Disparities in Living Kidney Donation: A Scoping Review.

Background: Women are more likely than men to be living kidney donors. We summarized the evidence concerning the reasons behind sex and gender disparities in living kidney donation (LKD).

Methods: A scoping review of quantitative and qualitative evidence on reasons for sex and gender disparities in LKD was conducted from inception to March 2023.

Sociodemographic Drivers of Donor and Recipient Gender Disparities in Living Kidney Donation in Australia.

Background: Females account for 60% of all living kidney donors worldwide. We defined the proportion of female to male donors for living donor kidney transplantation stratified by recipient gender, and explored the factors associated with female kidney donation.

Methods: Data from the ANZDATA (Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplantation) and ANZOD (Australian and New Zealand Organ Donor) registries (2002-2019) were used to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and their interactions associated with living donation from female donors.

Scope and Consistency of Cancer Outcomes Reported in Randomized Trials in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Introduction: Cancer is an important outcome in kidney transplantation, but the scope and consistency of how cancer is defined and reported in trials involving kidney transplant recipients has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the range and variability of cancer outcomes in trials involving kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: The ClinicalTrials.

Acute Rejection, Overall Graft Loss, and Infection-related Deaths After Kidney Transplantation in Indigenous Australians.

Introduction: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (hereafter respectfully termed Indigenous Australians) experience a 3-fold increased risk of acute rejection after transplantation compared to non-Indigenous Australians. We investigated whether acute rejection explains the association between Indigenous status, infection-related deaths, and all-cause deaths after kidney transplantation, and whether acute rejection mediates the relationship between Indigenous status and overall graft loss.

Methods: This cohort study included all recipients who received their first kidney transplant between 2005 and 2018 in Australia, using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry.

Longitudinal assessment of the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease.

In this multi-center longitudinal cohort study conducted in Australia and New Zealand, we assessed the trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. A total of 377 children (aged 6-18 years) with CKD stages 1-5 (pre-dialysis), dialysis, or transplant, were followed biennially for four years. Multi Attribute Utility (MAU) scores of HRQoL were measured at baseline and at two and four years using the McMaster Health Utilities Index Mark 3 tool, a generic multi-attribute, preference-based system.

Baseline characteristics of participants in the NAVKIDS trial: a patient navigator program in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require multidisciplinary care to meet their complex healthcare needs. Patient navigators are trained non-medical personnel who assist patients and caregivers to overcome barriers to accessing health services through care coordination. This trial aims to determine the effectiveness of a patient navigator program in children with CKD.

NAVKIDS trial: a multi-centre, waitlisted randomised controlled trial of a patient navigator intervention in children with chronic kidney disease - statistical analysis plan and update to the protocol.

Background: This update summarises key changes made to the protocol since the publication of the original protocol for the NAVKIDS trial of patient navigators for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experiencing social disadvantage and provides the statistical analysis plan (SAP) which has not previously been published.

Methods/design: The original protocol was published in BMC Nephrology ( https://doi.org/10.