Does "stubbornness" have a role in pediatric constipation?

The objective of this study was to determine if children with constipation are more stubborn, both in general and specifically regarding toileting behaviors, than children without constipation. A secondary objective was to determine if constipated children who are more stubborn are less likely to respond to routine therapeutic interventions than less stubborn constipated children. One hundred one children aged 2 to 6 years, who were first-time presenters (never received treatment) to their primary care physician (PCP) with constipation, were compared with 84 nonconstipated control children of similar age range.

Controversy and consensus regarding the use of cognitive ability testing in organizations.

Seven hundred three members of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology indicated agreement or disagreement with 49 propositions regarding cognitive ability tests in organizations. There was consensus that cognitive ability tests are valid and fair, that they provide good but incomplete measures, that different abilities are necessary for different jobs, and that diversity is valuable. Items dealing with the unique status of cognitive ability were most likely to generate polarized opinions.

Precipitants of constipation during early childhood.

Background: Childhood constipation is a common problem, accounting for 3% of visits to pediatric clinics and 30% of visits to pediatric gastroenterologists. Estimates of the prevalence of childhood constipation vary from 0.3% to 28% with younger children being affected most often.