Gut microbiota in adults with cystic fibrosis: Implications for the severity of the CFTR gene mutation and nutritional status.

Background: Microbial dysbiosis has been linked to cystic fibrosis (CF); however, the composition of gut microbiota in adult CF patients in relation to severity of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation and nutritional status have not yet been explored. Study aimed to assess the gut microbiota composition in adults with CF, and its relationship with the severity of CFTR mutations, and BMI.

Methods: Gut microbiota of 41 adults with CF, and 26 non-CF controls were compared using whole 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Why Does Your Uterus Become Malignant? The Impact of the Microbiome on Endometrial Carcinogenesis.

The aim of this review was to describe the uterine microbiome composition that has been analyzed so far and describe potential pathways in the carcinogenesis of the endometrium. The microbiome in the uterine environment is involved in apoptosis and proliferation during the menstruation cycle, pregnancy maintenance, and immune system support. However, bacteria in the uterus could stimulate inflammation, which when chronic results in malignancy.

Catch-Up Growth as a Risk Factor for Rapid Weight Gain, Earlier Menarche and Earlier Pubertal Growth Spurt in Girls Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA)-A Longitudinal Study.

Most children born small for gestational age (SGA) have rapid postnatal growth. Despite its positive aspects, catch-up growth may affect the level of adipose tissue in the pre-pubertal and pubertal periods and therefore affect the age of puberty. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between size at birth, catch-up growth in infancy, BMI in peripubertal period, age at menarche, and the parameters of adolescent growth spurt of body height in girls born SGA.

Mutations in and Genes as a Potential Reason for the Lack of Catch-Up Growth in SGA Children.

The aim of this review was to describe all of the mutations in the growth hormone receptor () and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor () genes that have been discovered so far, and their possible impact on final body height, as well as their relationship with catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age (SGA). Mutations in the gene were found to cause a body height below -2 SD, from the mean for sex and age, whereas the mutations in the gene were associated with low body height and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and with being born SGA. After birth, when the child's growth is not restricted by the intrauterine environment, the infant may develop its developmental potential and experience catch-up growth, which makes it possible to catch up with peers born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

The Mediating Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Physical Growth of Children.

Gut microbiota succession overlaps with intensive growth in infancy and early childhood. The multitude of functions performed by intestinal microbes, including participation in metabolic, hormonal, and immune pathways, makes the gut bacterial community an important player in cross-talk between intestinal processes and growth. Long-term disturbances in the colonization pattern may affect the growth trajectory, resulting in stunting or wasting.

The determinants of survival among adults with cystic fibrosis-a cohort study.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases. Factors contributing to disease exacerbations and survival rate of CF patients are type of mutation in the CFTR gene, poor nutritional status, lung failure, and infection development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the severity of mutation, nutritional status, lung function, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence and survival rate in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the type of mutation, lung function, and nutritional status in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and lung function, as well as the nutritional status and type of gene mutation in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 103 Polish adults with CF the following: • The occurrence of PA and the level of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics; • Type of mutation in the CFTR gene; • Nutritional status assessed by body mass index (BMI), and • Lung function measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%).

Results: The absence or presence of PA and the level of bacterial resistance were significantly related to the type of gene mutation (P < 0.

Time intervals between the age at menarche and the onset of sexual activity in Polish women born between 1959 and 2001.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess time intervals between the age at menarche (AM) and age at sexual initiation (ASI) in Polish women born before and after the political transformation period in Poland.

Methods: Participants were 518 women born between 1959 and 2001 in Poland. AM and ASI were based on self-report.

BMI at menarche and timing of growth spurt and puberty in Polish girls - longitudinal study.

: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI at menarche and selected growth spurt parameters, such as age at take-off of the pubertal growth spurt (ATO), age at peak height velocity (APHV), growth spurt duration (APHV-ATO), and the pubertal growth rate. The study group consisted of 243 girls aged 10-16 years. Several measurements of body height and weight have been taken for each girl during the girls' development (longitudinal study).

Trends over time in age at sexual debut among Polish women and underlying socio-economic determinants.

The aim of the study was to evaluate (1) changes over time in age at sexual initiation among Polish women and (2) underlying socio-economic determinants. 273 women born between 1975 and 1995 in Wielkopolska region (Poland) filled in a questionnaire of sexual behavior. The questionnaire included questions about the age of sexual initiation and women's socio-economic status such as place of residence, level of education, type of school, marital status.

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and month of birth: A link to the solstitial-melatonin-testosterone effect.

Background: Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait and its determination in utero is influenced by testosterone. The solstitial-melatonin-testosterone hypothesis posits that melatonin inhibits the production of foetal testosterone and melatonin levels are at their lowest in months when light levels are high.

Aims: We test the relationship between 2D:4D, month-of-birth and light levels.

Perinatal Risk Factors and ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Hierarchical Structure of Disorder Predictors.

Objective: The aim of the study was to hierarchically assess the predictive power of low and high birth weight, pre-term and post-term birth, and low Apgar score as the risk factors for ADHD.

Method: The data of 132 boys diagnosed with ADHD and 146 boys from control group, aged 6 to 18 years, have been analyzed. The boys were categorized according to term of birth, birth weight, and Apgar score.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is Related to Decreased Weight in the Preschool Period and to Increased Rate of Overweight in School-Age Boys.

Objective: Previous studies have associated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with growth deviations and obesity. However, available data regarding the growth of children with ADHD in their early childhood are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether there are differences in body size between preschool boys with and without ADHD.

ADHD and overweight in boys: cross-sectional study with birth weight as a controlled factor.

Population studies indicate a strong relationship between birth weight (BW) and body size in later life. However, BW as a variable was never accounted for in studies on the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight. This study aims to assess the relationship between ADHD and overweight with control of birth weight and other confounding factors.

Influence of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche of Polish girls.

The aim of the study is to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche in Polish girls. Questionnaire data of 2016 girls were collected during the cross-sectional research. Within the socioeconomic variables parents' education, urbanization, number of children in the family and date of menarche were considered.

The second to fourth digit ratio and asymmetry.

Background: Deviations of physical characteristics from bilateral symmetry, in otherwise symmetric individuals, are supposed to result from environmental perturbations during development. One cause of such perturbations may be sex steroids such as testosterone and oestrogen.

Aim: The study examined the relationship between second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative negative correlate with prenatal testosterone and a positive correlate with prenatal oestrogen, and asymmetry.

[Cigarette smoking and the age of natural menopause in women in Poland].

The empirical basis for this work has been the material obtained from cross-sectional studies carried out in the years 1998 to 2002, among women living in Poland. The material included data on 3793 women aged from 35 to 69 years. The women who participated in the research varied with regards to the age, education and socio-economic status.