Hospital-treated serious and invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics data from England.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the burden of hospital-treated and infections in England.

Design: A retrospective study using Hospital Episodes Statistics data to estimate the burden of serious and invasive fungal infections (SIFIs) in all patients admitted in England during March 2018-February 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and during March 2020-October 2021 (the COVID-19 period).

Setting: Hospitals in England.

Using Behavior Change Theory to Identify Drivers and Barriers for Antifungal Treatment Decisions: A Case Study in a Large Teaching Hospital in the East of England, UK.

Introduction: Antifungal stewardship (AFS) programs are recognized to contribute to optimizing antifungal prescribing for treatment and prophylaxis. However, only a small number of such programs are implemented. Consequently, evidence on behavioral drivers and barriers of such programs and learnings from existing successful AFS programs is limited.

The role of diagnostic tests in antifungal stewardship for treating invasive fungal infections: a plain language summary.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a summary of an article originally published in the journal . Invasive fungal infections are caused by fungi. They can spread to deeper parts of the body.

Risk factors in people with mold infections that have spread to different parts of the body: a plain language summary.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a summary of a study originally published in . Mold infections spread from one to other parts of the body and can infect other body parts. We need to understand what makes people more likely to get this type of mold infection (called invasive mold infection).

The Role of Diagnostics-Driven Antifungal Stewardship in the Management of Invasive Fungal Infections: A Systematic Literature Review.

Antifungal stewardship (AFS) programs are key to optimizing antifungal use and improving outcomes in patients with invasive fungal infections. Our systematic literature review evaluated the impact of diagnostics in AFS programs by assessing performance and clinical measures. Most eligible studies were from Europe and the United States (n = 12/17).

Real-World Financial and Clinical Impact of Diagnostic-Driven and Empirical-Treatment Strategies in High-Risk Immunocompromised Patients with Suspected Aspergillus Infection in the United Kingdom.

A diagnostic-driven (DD) treatment strategy has proven successful for treating invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by Aspergillus. However, uptake of this treatment strategy is not fully embraced. This study compares the economic and clinical impact of DD and empirical-treatment (ET) strategies used within hospitals.

Characterizing patients with rare mucormycosis infections using real-world data.

Background: Invasive mucormycosis (IM) is a rare and often life-threatening fungal infection, for which clinical and epidemiological understanding is lacking. Electronic health record (EHR) data can be utilized to elucidate large populations of patients with IM to address this unmet need. This study aimed to descriptively assess data on patients with IM using the Optum® EHR dataset.

Patient Characteristics and Risk Factors in Invasive Mold Infections: Comparison from a Systematic Review and Database Analysis.

Introduction: Diagnosis and treatment of invasive mold infections (IMI) can be challenging and IMI is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) and invasive mucormycosis (IM) are two of the most common mold infections. A better understanding of patient comorbidities and risk factors that predispose IMI may help clinicians to refine the difficult diagnostic and treatment process.

Health outcomes and economic burden of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States.

Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate health outcomes and the economic burden of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States.

Methods: Hospitalized patients with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis code for COVID-19 (ICD-10 code U07.1) from 1 April to 31 October 2020 were identified in the Premier Healthcare COVID-19 Database.

Contributing Factors to the Clinical and Economic Burden of Patients with Laboratory-Confirmed Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Gram-Negative Urinary Tract Infections.

Purpose: We explored patient- and hospital-level predictor variables for worse clinical and economic outcomes in carbapenem-nonsusceptible urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Patients And Methods: We used electronic data (January 2013-September 2015; 78 US hospitals) from a large multicenter clinical database. Nonduplicate gram-negative isolates were considered carbapenem-nonsusceptible if they had resistant/intermediate susceptibility.

Contributing Factors to the Clinical and Economic Burden of Patients with Laboratory-Confirmed Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Gram-Negative Respiratory Infections.

Purpose: This study examined patient- and hospital-level predictor variables that contribute to worse clinical and economic outcomes in patients with carbapenem-nonsusceptible respiratory infections.

Patients And Methods: Electronic data (January 2013 to September 2015) were from 78 US hospitals. Nonduplicate, gram-negative respiratory isolates were considered carbapenem-nonsusceptible if they tested resistant/intermediate to imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, or ertapenem.

Attributable burden in patients with carbapenem-nonsusceptible gram-negative respiratory infections.

Objective: We aimed to describe the clinical and economic burden attributable to carbapenem-nonsusceptible (C-NS) respiratory infections.

Methods: This retrospective matched cohort study assessed clinical and economic outcomes of adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who were admitted to one of 78 acute care hospitals in the United States with nonduplicate C-NS and carbapenem-susceptible (C-S) isolates from a respiratory source. A subset analysis of patients with principal diagnosis codes denoting bacterial pneumonia or other diagnoses was also conducted.

The cost-effectiveness of isavuconazole compared to the standard of care in the treatment of patients with invasive fungal infection prior to differential pathogen diagnosis in the United Kingdom.

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of isavuconazole compared with the standard of care, voriconazole, for the treatment of patients with invasive fungal infection disease when differential diagnosis of the causative pathogen has not yet been achieved at treatment initiation. The economic model was developed from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS) and used a decision-tree approach to reflect real-world treatment of patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI) prior to differential pathogen diagnosis. It was assumed that 7.

Health-care utilization and outcomes of patients at high risk of invasive fungal infection.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to present trends in posaconazole use over time and describe selected outcomes among patients at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) by use and type of antifungal medicine.

Methods: A retrospective observational study using data from the Premier Healthcare Database between January 2007 and March 2016 was conducted. Inpatient use of posaconazole by formulation and year is described.

An update to the cost-effectiveness of posaconazole vs fluconazole or itraconazole in the prevention of invasive fungal disease among neutropenic patients in the United States.

Objectives: Posaconazole has shown superior clinical efficacy in the prevention of invasive fungal disease (IFD) among neutropenic patients as well as cost-effectiveness in the US healthcare setting vs fluconazole or itraconazole (FLU/ITRA) based on oral suspension formulations of each therapy. This study aims to provide an update on the cost-effectiveness of posaconazole in the current US healthcare setting to reflect bioequivalent tablet formulations of posaconazole and fluconazole, as well as changes in healthcare and drug costs.

Methods: An existing model was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of posaconazole vs FLU/ITRA in the prevention of IFD among patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Neurobehavioral assessment of infants born at term and in utero exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Background: Some studies report neurobehavioral symptoms in neonates exposed to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in utero. However, maternal psychiatric illness during the last trimester of pregnancy, as a confounding factor, has not always been assessed.

Aims: In this prospective study we compared neurobehavioral complications among neonates who were born to euthymic women who either took or did not take an SRI during the last trimester of pregnancy.