Monitoring adherence to cold chain storage of vaccines in 2014 in the Małopolska province.

Background And Aim Of The Study: The principles of „cold chain” have been developed for the safe transport and storage of vaccines because of their sensitivity to temperature and are guidelines for use in all countries. Available information on adherence to the principles of the “cold chain” by healthcare providers in Poland is insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess compliance with these rules in storing vaccines by vaccination centers implementing an immunization program in 2014 in the Malopolska province

Material And Methods: The study was conducted in 111 vaccination centers in 19 districts of Malopolska, which represents 12% of all vaccination centers in the Malopolska province in 2014.

Assessment of knowledge on cardiovascular disease risk factors by postal survey in residents of Małopolska Voivodeship. Małopolska CArdiovascular PReventive Intervention Study (M-CAPRI).

[b]Introduction.[/b] Education is a key tool in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Education programmes require monitoring of their effectiveness.

Ludwik Rydygier--contributor to modern surgery.

Modern surgery is usually considered to have begun in nineteenth century Europe. One of the most famous contributors to gastric cancer surgery was the Polish surgeon Ludwik Rydygier, born in 1850. He initiated new methods in several fields, such as gastrointestinal surgery, orthopedics, gynecology, and urology.