Nurses' descriptions of person-centred care for older people in an acute medical ward-On the individual, team and organisational levels'.

Aim And Objectives: To describe nurses' experiences of providing person-centred care for older people on an acute medical ward.

Background: There is evidence that person-centred care for older people contributes to a higher quality care and increased satisfaction with care. However, there is a shortness of studies providing concrete examples of what facilitates nurses providing person-centred care for older people in acute care.

Reconciling concepts of time and person-centred care of the older person with cognitive impairment in the acute care setting.

The aim of this analysis was to examine the concept of time to rejuvenate and extend existing narratives of time within the nursing literature. In particular, we hope to promote a new trajectory in nursing research and practice which focuses on time and person-centred care, specifically of older people with cognitive impairment hospitalized in the acute care setting. We consider the explanatory power of concepts such as clock time, process time, fast care, slow care and time debt for elucidating the relationship between 'good care' and 'time use'.

A threat to our integrity--Meanings of providing nursing care for older patients with cognitive impairment in acute care settings.

Background: Older people with cognitive impairment represent a large group of patients in acute care settings. Research show that these acute care environments can be unsafe and even unfriendly for frail older patients. Research and clinical experience show that being a nurse in acute/specialised medical facilities means to work in a high-speed, technologically complex and demanding environment.

Measuring levels of person-centeredness in acute care of older people with cognitive impairment: evaluation of the POPAC scale.

Background: Person-centeredness is increasingly advocated in the literature as a gold-standard, best practice concept in health services for older people. This concept describes care that incorporates individual and multidimensional needs, personal biography, subjectivity and interpersonal relationships. However, acute in-patient hospital services have a long-standing biomedical tradition that may contrast with person-centred care.

Falling behind: a substantive theory of care for older people with cognitive impairment in acute settings.

Aims And Objectives: To develop a theoretical understanding of the processes hindering person-centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute care settings.

Background: Although person-centred care with its holistic focus on the biopsychosocial needs of patients is commonly considered the gold standard care for older people with cognitive impairment, the extent to which care is person-centred can increase in acute care settings generally.

Design: Grounded theory inspired by Strauss and Corbin.

The person-centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute care scale (POPAC).

Aim:   To construct and evaluate psychometric properties of the person-centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute care settings (POPAC) scale.

Background:   Older people with cognitive impairment are admitted frequently to acute care, with needs not always met through standard practice. Best practice models have been suggested, but few assessment scales exist.

Guthrie card methylomics identifies temporally stable epialleles that are present at birth in humans.

A major concern in common disease epigenomics is distinguishing causal from consequential epigenetic variation. One means of addressing this issue is to identify the temporal origins of epigenetic variants via longitudinal analyses. However, prospective birth-cohort studies are expensive and time consuming.

Few differences in cytokines between patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and their healthy siblings.

The cause of the worldwide increase in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is largely unknown. T cells are thought to play a role in disease progression. In contemporary research over the last decade, age- and gender-specific serum levels as well as changes of Th1 and Th2-related cytokines are not well described.

Staff attitudes towards older patients with cognitive impairment: need for improvements in acute care.

Aim: To explore the attitudes held by staff working in acute care units towards patients aged 70 years or older with cognitive impairment, and to explore factors associated with negative attitudes.

Background: Hospital staff attitudes towards older patients with cognitive impairment are of concern as older people are the main hospital users, and because staff attitudes influence care quality and uptake of evidence-based care.

Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from staff (n = 391).

The influence of a person-centred psychosocial unit climate on satisfaction with care and work.

Aim: To describe nurses' satisfaction with care and work and to explore the extent to which a person-centred unit climate influenced this satisfaction.

Background: Although the concept of person-centred care is used to describe high-quality care, there is a shortage of studies exploring the relationship between person-centredness and nurses' satisfaction with care and work in acute care settings.

Methods: Registered nurses within a university hospital in Sweden (n = 206) completed the Satisfaction with Nursing Care and Work Assessment Scale and the Person-centred Climate Questionnaire.

High levels of immunoglobulin E and a continuous increase in immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M by age in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing, either because of environmental factors accelerating onset of the disease or because of inducement of autoimmune diabetes in children who previously were at lower risk. High levels of immunoglobulin (Ig), specifically, IgM and IgA, and a low level of IgG were reported in adult patients; however no studies have analyzed the increasing incidence in relation to Ig levels. Our aim was to describe Ig in children newly diagnosed with diabetes and in their healthy siblings.

A new PCR-SSP method for HLA DR-DQ risk assessment for celiac disease.

Background: Susceptibility to celiac disease is essentially restricted to carriers of specific HLA DQA1 and DQB1 alleles. We have developed a semi-automated sequence specific primer (SSP) PCR method for clinical HLA typing and compared the test results with those from a commercial method.

Methods: Primers for each DQA1 and DQB1 allele group were included in our PCR-SSP reaction to allow differentiation of homozygous from heterozygous carriers of risk alleles.

Danish children born with glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and islet antigen-2 autoantibodies at birth had an increased risk to develop type 1 diabetes.

Objective: A large, population-based case-control cohort was used to test the hypothesis that glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) and islet antigen-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) at birth predict type 1 diabetes.

Design And Methods: The design was an individually matched case-control study of all Danish type 1 diabetes patients born between 1981 and 2002 and diagnosed before May 1 2004 (median age at diagnosis was 8.8 years).

Correlations between islet autoantibody specificity and the SLC30A8 genotype with HLA-DQB1 and metabolic control in new onset type 1 diabetes.

We hypothesised that the correlation between autoantibody specificity for the ZnT8 Arg325Trp isoforms and the type 2 diabetes-associated rs13266634 may affect β-cell function at type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset. To study this, we tested 482 newly diagnosed diabetic probands and 478 healthy siblings from the Danish population-based T1D registry for autoantibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8A) in addition to GAD65 and IA-2. The prevalence and titres of autoantibodies were correlated with genotypes for rs13266634 and HLA-DQB1, age at diagnosis (AAD) and insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c), as a proxy for residual β-cell function.

Comparison of measurements of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 in whole blood eluates from dried blood spots using the RSR-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits and in-house radioimmunoassays.

To evaluate the performance of dried blood spots (DBSs) with subsequent analyses of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) with the RSR-ELISAs, we selected 80 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 120 healthy women. DBSs from patients and controls were used for RSR-ELISAs while patients samples were analysed also with in-house RIAs. The RSR-ELISA-GADA performed well with a specificity of 100%, albeit sensitivity (46%) was lower compared to in RIA (56%; P = .

Type 1 diabetes risk analysis on dried blood spot samples from population-based newborns: design and feasibility of an unselected case-control study.

Development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) may be triggered pre- or perinatally by multiple factors. Identifying new predisposing T1D markers or combinations of markers in a large, well-characterised case-control collection may be important for future T1D prevention. The present work describes the design and feasibility of a large and unselected case-control study, which will define and evaluate prediction criteria for T1D at the time of birth.

Atherogenic vascular and lipid phenotypes in young patients with Type 1 diabetes are associated with diabetes high-risk HLA genotype.

Expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules on islet endothelial cells is a central vascular event in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. Previous studies demonstrated the ability of other vascular endothelial cells to express HLA and thereby to process islet autoantigens on their surface. We investigated whether the HLA-DQ2/8 genotype, which confers the highest risk for Type 1 diabetes, is associated with early atherosclerosis in youths with this disease.

Two insulin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 1 diabetes risk in the Finnish and Swedish populations.

We have developed high-throughput tests for the detection of the insulin gene region SNPs -23HphI and -2221MspI. The potential of these markers to enhance the efficiency of type 1 diabetes risk screening was then evaluated by analyzing them in Finnish and Swedish populations. Blood spots on filter paper were analyzed using PCR followed by sequence-specific hybridization and time-resolved fluorometry reading.

A combination of human leukocyte antigen DQB1*02 and the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter G308A polymorphism predisposes to an insulin-deficient phenotype in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Our previous results have suggested that genes outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II locus may affect the phenotype of type 2 diabetic patients from families with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (mixed type 1/2). To study whether the TNF alpha gene could be such a modifying gene, we studied TNF alpha promoter polymorphisms (G-->A substitution at positions -308 and -238) in relation to HLA-DQB1 genotypes in type 2 patients from mixed type 1/2 families or common type 2 diabetes families as well as in patients with adult-onset type 1 diabetes and control subjects. The TNF alpha(308) AA/AG genotype frequency was increased in adult onset type 1 patients (55%, 69 of 126), but it was similar in type 2 patients from type 1/2 families (35%, 33/93) or common type 2 families (31%, 122 of 395), compared with controls (33%, 95/284; P < 0.