The Burden of Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in Patients with Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ulcerative Colitis, and Crohn's Disease.

Background: Comparisons among autoimmune diseases enable understanding of the burden and factors associated with work productivity loss and impairment.

Aims: The objective was to compare work productivity and activity and associated factors among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and other autoimmune conditions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included employed, adult patients (age 20-64 years) in the CorEvitas Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Psoriasis, and Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registries between 5/2017 and 6/2020.

Method used to identify adenomyosis and potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis in a large, U.S. electronic health record database.

Background: The prevalence of adenomyosis is underestimated due to lack of a specific diagnostic code and diagnostic delays given most diagnoses occur at hysterectomy.

Objectives: To identify women with adenomyosis using indicators derived from natural language processing (NLP) of clinical notes in the Optum Electronic Health Record database (2014-2018), and to estimate the prevalence of potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis.

Methods: An NLP algorithm identified mentions of adenomyosis in clinical notes that were highly likely to represent a diagnosis.

Using RWE research to extend clinical trials in diabetes: An example with implications for the future.

Background: Although randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) are seen as the gold standard for evidence in clinical medicine, a number of considerations are increasing the use of real-world data (RWD) to generate evidence. A series of methodological challenges must be overcome in order for such real-world evidence (RWE) to gain acceptance. In diabetes, RWE faces some particular issues that have limited its development.

Patients' Knowledge of Key Messaging in Drug Safety Communications for Zolpidem and Eszopiclone: A National Survey.

Drug Safety Communications (DSCs) are used by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to inform health care providers, patients, caregivers, and the general public about safety issues related to FDA-approved drugs. To assess patient knowledge of the messaging contained in DSCs related to the sleep aids zolpidem and eszopiclone, we conducted a large, cross-sectional patient survey of 1,982 commercially insured patients selected by stratified random sampling from the Optum Research Database who had filled at least two prescriptions for either zolpidem or eszopiclone between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013. Among the 594 respondents (32.

Tardive dyskinesia among patients using antipsychotic medications in customary clinical care in the United States.

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder resulting from treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics. An estimated 16-50% of patients treated with antipsychotics have TD, but this number may be underestimated. The objectives of this study were to build an algorithm for use in electronic health records (EHRs) for the detection and characterization of TD patients, and to estimate the prevalence of TD in a population of patients exposed to antipsychotic medications.

Effectiveness and Tolerability of Therapy With Once-Weekly Exenatide Versus Basal Insulin Among Injectable-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in a Real-World Setting in the United States.

A propensity-matched cohort study compared injectable-naive patients with type 2 diabetes initiating exenatide once weekly (EQW) or basal insulin (BI), from 2012 through 2015, within a U.S. electronic health record database.

Effectiveness and tolerability of therapy with exenatide once weekly vs basal insulin among injectable-drug-naïve elderly or renal impaired patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of exenatide once weekly (EQW) compared with basal insulin (BI) among injectable-drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are elderly or have renal impairment (RI).

Materials And Methods: Initiators of EQW and BI with T2DM were identified for the period 2012 to 2015 within a US electronic health record database and matched by propensity score. Matched EQW and BI initiators aged ≥65 years or who had RI were compared.

Tolerability and Effectiveness of Exenatide Once Weekly Relative to Basal Insulin Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients of Different Races in Routine Care.

Introduction: Analyses of efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologic interventions are based on clinical trials that often include predominately white populations, in part because of challenges associated with recruitment and retention of racial/ethnically diverse study populations. Using real-world electronic health record (EHR) data, we sought to evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of exenatide once weekly (EQW), overall and relative to basal insulin (BI), according to race.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes initiating EQW or BI between 2012 and 2015 were selected from the Optum EHR Research Database, a system pooling data from dozens of hospitals throughout the US.

Faster entry into HIV care among HIV-infected drug users who had been in drug-use treatment programs.

Objective: We evaluated whether being in drug use treatment improves linkage to HIV medical care for HIV-infected drug users. We assessed whether an evidence-based intervention for linkage to care ['ARTAS'] works better for HIV-infected drug users who had been in drug use treatment than those who had not.

Design: Randomized trial.

Direct and indirect effects of PCV13 on nasopharyngeal carriage of PCV13 unique pneumococcal serotypes in Massachusetts' children.

Background: The direct impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on colonization with unique PCV13 serotypes and the uptake of vaccine necessary to create indirect protection in nonimmunized children were assessed.

Methods: Carriage surveillance among children <60 months began in July 2010 at a pediatric practice in Boston, MA. Children had nasopharyngeal cultures and parents completed questionnaires detailing demographics and health status.

Causality assessment of adverse events reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

Unlabelled: Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) reported to the national Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) represent true causally related events, as well as events that are temporally, but not necessarily causally related to vaccine.

Objective: We sought to determine if the causal relationships between the vaccine and the AEFI reported to VAERS could be assessed through expert review.

Design: A stratified random sample of 100 VAERS reports received in 2004 contained 13 fatal cases, 19 cases with non-fatal disabilities, 39 other serious non-fatal cases and 29 non-serious cases.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in the respiratory tract of infants and primary caregivers.

Background: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes otitis media, sinusitis, and likely lower respiratory tract infections in children. Colonization, strain diversity, transmission, and antimicrobial susceptibility have implications for both children and their caregivers.

Methods: For 13 months, we conducted a cross-sectional study of NTHi colonization.

Evaluation of a rapid qualitative enzyme chromatographic test for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Rapid determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status is desirable when it is necessary to use a drug contraindicated in G6PD-deficient persons, such as use of primaquine for malaria prevention or treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare a new, rapid, qualitative enzyme chromatographic test for deficiency of G6PD to a standard reference method. Samples from 196 G6PD-normal persons and 50 G6PD-deficient persons were evaluated.

Implications for registry-based vaccine effectiveness studies from an evaluation of an immunization registry: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Population-based electronic immunization registries create the possibility of using registry data to conduct vaccine effectiveness studies which could have methodological advantages over traditional observational studies. For study validity, the base population would have to be clearly defined and the immunization status of members of the population accurately recorded in the registry. We evaluated a city-wide immunization registry, focusing on its potential as a tool to study pertussis vaccine effectiveness, especially in adolescents.

Psychological and behavioral correlates of entering care for HIV infection: the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS).

The present study sought to examine psychological and behavioral variables as predictors of attending an HIV medical care provider among person's recently diagnosed with HIV. The study, carried out between 2001 and 2003, was a two-arm randomized intervention trial with participants recruited from public HIV testing centers, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, hospitals, and community-based organizations in Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Miami, Florida; and Los Angeles, California. Eighty-six percent of those enrolled (273) had complete baseline and 12-month follow-up data.

Initiating HIV care: attitudes and perceptions of HIV positive crack cocaine users.

There is limited data on the initiation and use of HIV care services by HIV-positive crack cocaine users. We analyzed data from a study of 286 recently infected HIV-positive persons recruited from 4 U.S.

System and patient barriers to appropriate HIV care for disadvantaged populations: the HIV medical care provider perspective.

Little is known about the perception of system and patient barriers to adequate HIV care by an essential resource in the provision of HIV care, HIV medical care providers. To evaluate such perceptions, between November 2000 and June 2001 a survey was mailed to 526 HIV medical care providers who cared for HIV-infected individuals in Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and Miami. Logistic regression analysis of survey results revealed significant differences in perceptions of system barriers between Black and Hispanic providers versus White providers and non-medical doctor providers versus medical doctor providers.

Perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing services among HIV-positive persons not in medical care.

Background And Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling, testing, and referral (CTR) are provided in a wide variety of settings.

Goal: To compare, by test setting, the perceptions of the testing experience among HIV-positive persons who were not receiving medical care.

Design: A baseline questionnaire was administered at enrollment into the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study by the use of audio computer-assisted self-interview.

Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care.

Objective: The Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS) assessed a case management intervention to improve linkage to care for persons recently receiving an HIV diagnosis.

Methods: Participants were recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles and Miami. They were randomized to either standard of care (SOC) passive referral or case management (CM) for linkage to nearby HIV clinics.

Seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in two Boston communities: changes in serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

Background: Seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed and introduced in 2000 for universal administration of children younger than 2 years of age and for selective immunization of children 2-5 years of age.

Specific Aims: To identify changes in colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae organisms after introduction of PCV7.

Methods: Infants and children ages 2-24 months were enrolled in surveillance study of nasopharyngeal carriage of S.

Test-retest reliability of a complex human immunodeficiency virus research questionnaire administered by an Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing system.

Objectives: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of a complex questionnaire administered by Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing to recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.

Methods: Thirty-seven English-speaking and 32 Spanish-speaking participants completed both test and retest interviews. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and kappa (kappa) and weighted kappa (kappa) statistics were obtained for individual questions.