A multifaceted assessment of strigolactone GR24 and its derivatives: from anticancer and antidiabetic activities to antioxidant capacity and beyond.

Strigolactones are signaling molecules produced by plants, the main functions are the intracorporeal control of plant development and plant growth. GR24 strigolactone is one of the synthetic strigolactones and due to its universality and easy availability, it is a standard and model compound for research on the properties and role of strigolactones in human health. In this research work, the impact of mainly GR24 strigolactone on the human body and the role of this strigol-type lactone in many processes that take place within the human body are reviewed.

Quenching of Protein Fluorescence by Fullerenol C(OH) Nanoparticles.

The effect of the interaction between fullerenol C(OH) (FUL) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. As shown in the study, the fluorescence intensities of ADH and HSA at excitation wavelengths λ = 280 nm (Trp, Tyr) and λ = 295 nm (Trp) are decreased with the increase in the FUL concentration. The results of time-resolved measurements indicate that both quenching mechanisms, dynamic and static, are present.

Application of Carbon Nanoparticles in Oncology and Regenerative Medicine.

Currently, carbon nanoparticles play a large role as carriers of various types of drugs, and also have applications in other fields of medicine, e.g., in tissue engineering, where they are used to reconstruct bone tissue.

Oxidative Properties of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Different Diameters in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (In Vitro Study).

With the ongoing commercialization, human exposure to plastic nanoparticles will dramatically increase, and evaluation of their potential toxicity is essential. There is an ongoing discussion on the human health effects induced by plastic particles. For this reason, in our work, we assessed the effect of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) of various diameters (29, 44 and 72 nm) on selected parameters of oxidative stress and the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the in vitro system.

Antioxidant activity of highly hydroxylated fullerene C and its interactions with the analogue of α-tocopherol.

Polyhydroxylated fullerenes (fullerenols) are excellent free radical scavengers. Despite the large number of reports on their reactions with reactive oxygen species, there is no report on their ability to trap lipid peroxyl radicals and act as chain-breaking antioxidants. In this work we studied the effect of fullerenol C(OH) on the kinetics of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid ester (methyl linoleate) dispersed in two model systems that mimic biological systems: Triton X-100 micelles and Large Unilamellar Vesicles, at pH 4, 7 and 10.

Evaluation of the Effect of Selected Brominated Flame Retardants on Human Serum Albumin and Human Erythrocyte Membrane Proteins.

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been using to reduce the flammability of plastics contained in many products, such as household articles, furniture, mattresses, textiles or insulation. Considering the fact that these compounds may be released into the environment leading to the exposure of living organisms, it is necessary to study their possible effects and mechanisms of action. Proteins play a crucial role in all biological processes.

A Multiparametric Study of Internalization of Fullerenol C(OH) Nanoparticles into Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Cytotoxicity in Oxidative Stress Induced by Ionizing Radiation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and accumulation of fullerenol C(OH) into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Some additional studies were also performed: measurement of fullerenol nanoparticle size, zeta potential, and the influence of fullerenol on the ionizing radiation-induced damage to PMBCs. Fullerenol C(OH) demonstrated an ability to accumulate in PBMCs.

Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione level in human erythrocytes exposed to selected brominated flame retardants.

Currently, more and more concerns are related to oxidative stress appearing in cells as a result of xenobiotics action. It has been found that selected brominated flame retardants (BFRs) can cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction at environmental concentrations. Excessive ROS induction can contribute to the redox imbalance in the cell.

Fullerenol C(OH) at relatively high concentrations impairs hippocampal theta oscillations (in vivo and in vitro) and triggers epilepsy (in vitro) - A dose response study.

Since the first identification of fullerenes (C) and their synthesis in 1985, those compounds have been extensively studied in the biomedical field. In particular, their water-soluble derivatives, fullerenols (C(OH) n = 2-48), have recently been the subject of numerous investigations concerning their antioxidant and prooxidant properties in biological systems. A small fraction of that research has focused on the possible use of C and C(OH) in neuroscience and the therapy of pathologies such as dementia, amyloid-β (Aβ) formation, and Parkinson's disease.

Fullerenol C(OH) protects human erythrocyte membrane against high-energy electrons.

Fullerenols (polyhydroxylated fullerene C) are nanomaterial with potentially broad applicability in biomedical sciences with high antioxidant ability, thus, we investigated the radioprotecting potential of fullerenol C(OH) on human erythrocytes irradiated by high-energy electrons of 6 MeV. The results demonstrate that C(OH) at concentration of 150 μg/mL protects the erythrocytes against the radiation-induced hemolysis (comparing to non-protected cells, we observed 30% and 39% protection for 0.65 and 1.

[Fullerenols in therapy and diagnosis of cancer].

Malignant tumors are one of the main causes of death in Poland. One of the objectives of contemporary biomedical research is to maximize the effects of therapeutic strategies. The actions undertaken to improve therapeutic agents are aimed at reducing the side effects of cancer treatments.

Fullerenols as a new therapeutic approach in nanomedicine.

Recently, much attention has been paid to the bioactive properties of water-soluble fullerene derivatives: fullerenols, with emphasis on their pro- and antioxidative properties. Due to their hydrophilic properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals, fullerenols may, in the future, provide a serious alternative to the currently used pharmacological methods in chemotherapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and radiobiology. Some of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy are anthracycline antibiotics.

[Fullerenol - properties and applications in biomedical sciences].

Fullerenols, the water-soluble derivatives of fullerenes, are currently being recently intensively studied in the context of the possibility of their application in the biomedicine. Due to their hydrophilic properties and the ability to eliminate free radicals, fullerenols may in the future provide a solid alternative to currently used pharmacological methods in chemotherapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and radiobiology. Depending on the research protocol applied, fullerenols may also act as pro oxidants.

Fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₃₆ could associate to band 3 protein of human erythrocyte membranes.

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of fullerenol C60(OH)36 on chosen parameters of the human erythrocyte membrane and the preliminary estimation of the properties of fullerenol as a potential linking agent transferring the compounds (e.g., anticancer drugs) into the membrane of erythrocytes.

The effect of bromfenvinphos, its impurities and chlorfenvinphos on acetylcholinesterase activity.

The aim of this work was to examine the effect of two organophosphorous compounds i.e. bromfenvinphos (BFVF) and chlorfenvinphos (CFVF) possessing acaricidal and insecticidal properties, on the activity of human erythrocytes acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.

Membrane fluidity and activity of membrane ATPases in human erythrocytes under the influence of polyhydroxylated fullerene.

The influence of fullerenol on the activities of human erythrocyte membrane ATPases and the fluidity of the plasma membrane as well as the possibility of fullerenol incorporation into the plasma membrane were investigated. Fullerenol at concentrations up to 150 μg/mL induced statistically significant decreases in the anisotropy of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) (14%), N,N,N-trimethyl-4-(6-phenyl-1,3,5,-hexatrien-1-yl)phenylammonium p-toluenesulfonate (TMA-DPH) (7.5%) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) (9.

[Fullerenes in radiobiology].

Molecule of fullerene, having a spherical or ellipsoidal shape, is made of rings consisting of five or six carbon atoms, combined with conjugated pi bonds. Delocalization of pi electrons in the molecule of fullerene makes it easy to scavenge free radicals. But, despite being the effective antioxidants and radical scavengers fullerenes may be prooxidants by reactive oxygen species generation.

Phenoxyherbicides induce production of free radicals in human erythrocytes: oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescine and dihydrorhodamine 123 by 2,4-D-Na and MCPA-Na.

Although it is known that phenoxyacetic herbicides significantly affect the oxidative status of human erythrocytes, there is no direct evidence of their ability to induce free radical production. To demonstrate this phenomenon we investigated the effect of two commonly used phenoxyherbicides-sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D-Na) and sodium salt of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA-Na) on oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and H(2)DCFDA as well as on carbonyl group content in cellular proteins. Moreover, haemoglobin denaturation was also measured.

[Fullerenes in biology].

Fullerenes are chemical structures made of carbon atoms. The stable form is molecule composed of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a soccer ball-shaped structure. With respect to its electron donor and acceptor capability and photochemical behavior fullerenes can be effective antioxidants and radical scavengers or prooxidants and photosensitizers.

Changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase and Na,K-ATPase in human erythrocytes irradiated with X-rays.

The response of human erythrocytes to X-rays in the dose range from 40 Gy to 600 Gy was determined on the basis of changes in the activities of AChE and ATPase. The Na,K-ATPase activity increased above the control value at doses below 200 Gy, while at the doses higher than 200 Gy, it decreased, reaching 96% of the control value at a dose of 600 Gy. In the range of doses up to 200 Gy, the AChE activity, expressed as Vmax, did not change.

Damage to human erythrocytes by radiation-generated HO* radicals: molecular changes in erythrocyte membranes.

The effectiveness of radiation-generated HO* radicals in initiating erythrocyte hemolysis in the presence of oxygen and under anaerobic conditions and prehemolytic structural changes in the plasma-erythrocyte membrane were studied. Under anaerobic conditions the efficacy of HO* radicals in induction of hemolysis was 16-fold lower than under air. In both conditions, hemolysis was the final consequence of changes of the erythrocyte membrane.

The influence of split doses of gamma-radiation on human erythrocytes.

Human erythrocyte suspensions in an isotonic Na-phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, of hematocrit of 2% were exposed under air to gamma radiation at a dose rate of 2.2 kGy.

The effect of hypochlorite on human erythrocytes pretreated with X-radiation.

Both hypochlorite and ionizing radiation induce oxidation processes of biomolecules. The effects are dependent to a large degree on the dose of the oxidizing agent. Previously we observed that split doses of gamma radiation caused lower hemolysis than the same but single doses.