Publications by authors named "Anita Jeyam"
Background: The right to participate in political processes is fundamental to democratic governance, economic development and human rights.
Objectives: We assessed participation in political processes and also explored factors associated with voting at the most recent election for people with and without disabilities.
Method: We conducted cross-sectional survey in four cities in Senegal and three in Cameroon in 2021.
Background: Despite the importance of labour market participation and the high number of people with disabilities in rural Africa who rely on subsistence agriculture to survive, very few studies have documented labour market outcomes among farmers with and without disabilities in Africa.
Objective: We examined how labour market participation differed by disability and other factors among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya.
Methods: We use cross-sectional data collected between January and April 2022 from sorghum farmers enrolled in a trial evaluating the impact of a programme designed to improve labour market participation among sorghum farmers in rural Western Kenya.
Article Synopsis
- The text reviews clinical evidence on systemic factors that could help improve diabetic retinal disease (DRD) staging systems, focusing on predicting the onset, progression, and treatment responses of the disease.
- Key findings indicate that longer diabetes duration, higher HbA1c levels, and male sex are linked to increased DRD risk, while blood pressure is also a significant factor in both incidence and progression.
- Despite some associations, multivariate models showed that retinal measures are better predictors of DRD progression than systemic factors, and comprehensive studies validating the prognostic value of treatments are still needed.
Article Synopsis
- - Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness globally, linked to poor sanitation and hygiene, and controlled through the SAFE strategy, which includes distributing azithromycin to affected regions.
- - Ivermectin, a drug on the WHO's essential medicines list, is evaluated for its potential to control the Musca sorbens fly, which breeds in human feces, and may enhance trachoma management when used alongside azithromycin in mass drug administration campaigns in Ethiopia.
- - Preliminary findings suggest that areas receiving both Ivermectin and azithromycin show better trachoma control compared to those receiving only azithromycin, indicating a need for further research to confirm Ivermectin's effectiveness in controlling fly populations. *
Background: Human landing catches (HLCs) are required to collect blackflies for entomological evaluation to verify onchocerciasis elimination. However, there are ethical concerns regarding exposure of vector collectors to infectious blackflies and safer alternative methods are needed. This study evaluated a modified HLC technique where collectors wore coloured trousers (blue, black or blue-black), protecting them from bites during fly collection, and their performance was compared with the standard.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- This study looked at how long people with type 1 diabetes in Scotland can expect to live and whether they live with or without health problems.
- It found that people living in poorer areas typically live about 8 years less than those in wealthier areas, and they also spend fewer years without complications from diabetes.
- The research used health records from almost 8,600 individuals over five years to understand these differences.
Aims/hypothesis: We assessed the real-world effect of flash monitor (FM) usage on HbA levels and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hospitalised hypoglycaemia (SHH) rates among people with type 1 diabetes in Scotland and across sociodemographic strata within this population.
Methods: This study was retrospective, observational and registry based. Using the national diabetes registry, 14,682 individuals using an FM at any point between 2014 and mid-2020 were identified.
Objective: Whether advances in the management of type 1 diabetes are reducing rates of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is unclear. We investigated time trends in DKA rates in a national cohort of individuals with type 1 diabetes monitored for 14 years, overall and by socioeconomic characteristics.
Research Design And Methods: All individuals in Scotland with type 1 diabetes who were alive and at least 1 year old between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018 were identified using the national register ( = 37,939).
Aims/hypothesis: Our aim was to assess the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in people with type 1 diabetes in Scotland and its association with glycaemic control, as measured by HbA levels, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hospitalised hypoglycaemia (SHH), overall and stratified by baseline HbA.
Methods: We included 4684 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the national Scottish register, who commenced CSII between 2004 and 2019. We presented crude within-person differences from baseline HbA over time since initiation, crude DKA and SHH event-rates pre-/post-CSII exposure.
Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to map the number of prescribed drugs over age, sex and area-based socioeconomic deprivation, and to examine the association between the number of drugs and particular high-risk drug classes with adverse health outcomes among a national cohort of individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: Utilising linked healthcare records from the population-based diabetes register of Scotland, we identified 28,245 individuals with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes on 1 January 2017. For this population, we obtained information on health status, predominantly reflecting diabetes-related complications, and information on the total number of drugs and particular high-risk drug classes prescribed.
Background: We aimed to ascertain the cumulative risk of fatal or critical care unit-treated COVID-19 in people with diabetes and compare it with that of people without diabetes, and to investigate risk factors for and build a cross-validated predictive model of fatal or critical care unit-treated COVID-19 among people with diabetes.
Methods: In this cohort study, we captured the data encompassing the first wave of the pandemic in Scotland, from March 1, 2020, when the first case was identified, to July 31, 2020, when infection rates had dropped sufficiently that shielding measures were officially terminated. The participants were the total population of Scotland, including all people with diabetes who were alive 3 weeks before the start of the pandemic in Scotland (estimated Feb 7, 2020).
Objective: To quantify the relationship of residual C-peptide secretion to glycemic outcomes and microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes.
Research Design And Methods: C-peptide was measured in an untimed blood sample in the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Type 1 Bioresource (SDRNT1BIO) cohort of 6,076 people with type 1 diabetes monitored for an average of 5.2 years.
Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to examine whether crude mortality and mortality relative to the general population below 50 years of age have improved in recent years in those with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes aged below 50 and at least 1 year old at any time between 2004 and 2017 in Scotland were identified using the national register. Death data were obtained by linkage to Scottish national death registrations.
Objective: To assess the contemporaneous prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Scotland and study its cross-sectional association with risk factors and other diabetic complications.
Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from a large representative sample of adults with T1D ( = 5,558). We assessed the presence of symptomatic neuropathy using the dichotomized (≥4) Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Patient Questionnaire score.
Article Synopsis
- The study assessed changes in glycaemic control for type 1 diabetes patients in Scotland from 2004 to 2016, finding a notable improvement only in the last four years.
- Most of the decrease in HbA levels was observed in children and adolescents, but socioeconomic status and sex differences in control did not change significantly over time.
- Overall, while progress was made, disparities still existed based on socioeconomic status and between genders.
A Test of Positive Association for Detecting Heterogeneity in Capture for Capture-Recapture Data.
J Agric Biol Environ Stat
December 2017
Unlabelled: The Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model assumes that all marked animals have equal recapture probabilities at each sampling occasion, but heterogeneity in capture often occurs and should be taken into account to avoid biases in parameter estimates. Although diagnostic tests are generally used to detect trap-dependence or transience and assess the overall fit of the model, heterogeneity in capture is not routinely tested for. In order to detect and identify this phenomenon in a CJS framework, we propose a test of positive association between previous and future encounters using Goodman-Kruskal's gamma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate whether low-dose naproxen sodium (220 mg twice a day) interferes with aspirin's antiplatelet effect in healthy subjects.
Methods: We performed a crossover, open-label study in 9 healthy volunteers. They received for 6 days 3 different treatments separated by 14 days of washout: 1) naproxen 2 hours before aspirin, 2) aspirin 2 hours before naproxen, and 3) aspirin alone.