Inulinase immobilization on polyethylene glycol/polypyrrole multiwall carbon nanotubes producing a catalyst with enhanced thermal and operational stability.

This paper describes the development of a simple method for mixed non-covalent and covalent bonding of partially purified inulinase on functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polypyrrole (PPy). The pyrrole (Py) was electrochemically polymerized on MWCNTs in order to fabricate MWCNTs/PPy nanocomposite. Two multiple forms of enzyme were bound to N-H functional groups from PPy and -COO from activated MWCNTs to yield a stable MWCNTs/PPy/PEG immobilized preparation with increased thermal stability.

Hydrofluoric Acid: Burns and Systemic Toxicity, Protective Measures, Immediate and Hospital Medical Treatment.

Background: Hydrofluoric acid is a commonly used chemical in many industrial branches, but it can also be found as an ingredient in household products such as cleaning agents. Possessing high corrosive potential, HF acid causes burns and tissue necrosis, while when absorbed and distributed through the bloodstream, its extremely high toxic potential is expressed. Acute symptoms are often followed by pain, particularly in the case of skin burns, which intensiveness does not often correlate with the expressiveness of the clinical findings.

Contemporary Dental Ceramic Materials, A Review: Chemical Composition, Physical and Mechanical Properties, Indications for Use.

Background: The high esthetic expectations from the prosthodontic restorations have directed the qualitative development of the materials towards the all-ceramic materials that are capable of replacing porcelain-fused-to-metal systems.

Aim: This article reviews the literature covering the contemporary all-ceramic materials and systems with a focus on the chemical composition and materials' properties; also it provides clinical recommendations for their use.

Results: The glass-matrix ceramics and polycrystalline ceramics are presented, as well as recently introduced machinable materials, all-zirconia and resin-matrix ceramics.

Acid Etching as Surface Treatment Method for Luting of Glass-Ceramic Restorations, part 1: Acids, Application Protocol and Etching Effectiveness.

Aim: The purpose of this review is to represent acids that can be used as surface etchant before adhesive luting of ceramic restorations, placement of orthodontic brackets or repair of chipped porcelain restorations. Chemical reactions, application protocol, and etching effect are presented as well.

Study Selection: Available scientific articles published in PubMed and Scopus literature databases, scientific reports and manufacturers' instructions and product information from internet websites, written in English, using following search terms: "acid etching, ceramic surface treatment, hydrofluoric acid, acidulated phosphate fluoride, ammonium hydrogen bifluoride", have been reviewed.

Encapsulated in Soy Protein Isolate and Alginate Microparticles Prepared by Spray Drying.

This article presents a novel formulation for preparation of 01 encapsulated in soy protein isolate and alginate microparticles using spray drying method. A response surface methodology was used to optimise the formulation and the central composite face-centered design was applied to study the effects of critical material attributes and process parameters on viability of the probiotic after microencapsulation and in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Spherical microparticles were produced in high yield (64%), narrow size distribution (=9.

Enhanced model for determining the number of graphene layers and their distribution from X-ray diffraction data.

A model consisting of an equation that includes graphene thickness distribution is used to calculate theoretical 002 X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak intensities. An analysis was performed upon graphene samples produced by two different electrochemical procedures: electrolysis in aqueous electrolyte and electrolysis in molten salts, both using a nonstationary current regime. Herein, the model is enhanced by a partitioning of the corresponding 2θ interval, resulting in significantly improved accuracy of the results.

Optimization of the formulation for preparing Lactobacillus casei loaded whey protein-Ca-alginate microparticles using full-factorial design.

Context: This article presents specific approach for microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei using emulsion method followed by additional coating with whey protein.

Methods: Experimental design was employed using polynomial regression model at 2nd level with three independent variables, concentrations of alginate, whey protein and CaCl2. Physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and biological properties were investigated.