Amateur Athlete with Sinus Arrest and Severe Bradycardia Diagnosed through a Heart Rate Monitor: A Six-Year Observation-The Necessity of Shared Decision-Making in Heart Rhythm Therapy Management.

Heart rate monitors (HRMs) are used by millions of athletes worldwide to monitor exercise intensity and heart rate (HR) during training. This case report presents a 34-year-old male amateur soccer player with severe bradycardia who accidentally identified numerous pauses of over 4 s (maximum length: 7.3 s) during sleep on his own HRM with a heart rate variability (HRV) function.

Disposal of Waste from Tattoo and Beauty Parlors in Poland: A Survey-Based Analysis on Epidemiological Safety.

Appropriate waste management is increasingly relevant due to environmental and infectious disease transmission concerns. An anonymous observational cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013-2017 of 262 tattooists and 824 beauticians throughout Poland. Knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and compliance with blood-borne infection controls and correct waste disposal were assessed.

The risk of blood-borne infections in Poland - opportunities and threats to public health, nationwide qualitative research.

Introduction: The article presents the diagnosis of the problem of blood-borne infections in Poland from perspectives of experts' opinions at the voivodship level. The evaluation became the basis for subsequent analysis, aimed at creating assumptions for the proposed strategies to prevent blood-borne infections in Poland.

Material And Methods: Diagnosis was based on the expertise of practitioners in epidemiology and service providers.

Assessment of Epidemiological Safety in the Cosmetic Service Industry in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

The variety of current cosmetic procedures has increased the potential risks of adverse events and infections. In a nationwide cross-sectional study (2013-2015), we assessed the aspects of infection risk in cosmetic services. An anonymous voluntary questionnaire survey was conducted among 813 employees of cosmetic establishments in Poland.

To Be a Champion of the 24-h Ultramarathon Race. If Not the Heart ... Mosaic Theory?

This comprehensive case analysis aimed to identify the features enabling a runner to achieve championship in 24-h ultramarathon (UM) races. A 36-year-old, multiple medalist of the World Championships in 24-h running, was assessed before, one and 10 days after a 24-h run. Results of his extensive laboratory and cardiological diagnostics with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and a one-time cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) were analyzed.

Features of personality and professional burnout syndrome of physicians - analysis based on questionnaires studies.

Introduction: This observational study was ordered by the Medical Practitioners' Chamber in Warsaw.

The Objective: of the study was to evaluate the problem of professional burnout of physicians correlation between professional burnout and features of personality.

Material And Methods: Professional burnout was considered relative to different features of personality.

Bridging the Gap between Theory, Practice, and Policy: A Decision-Making Process Based on Public Health Evidence Feasible in Multi-Stage Research on Biological Risk Factors in Poland.

Stakeholder input into the decision-making process when developing public health programs and policies is crucial. This article presents an innovative approach, involving online participation with a wide group of stakeholders located in different geographic locations for policy consensus. The results of the project have been used to propose assumptions regarding a strategy for preventing blood-borne diseases in Poland.

Assessing Infection Risks among Clients and Staff Who Use Tattooing Services in Poland: An Observational Study.

Across cultures and generations, people have tattooed their bodies. Although blood-borne infections from tattooing have been reduced, certain service aspects remain improperly managed. We assessed the infection risks associated with tattooing by conducting a cross-sectional study (2013-2014) in Poland using an anonymous questionnaire survey.

Strengths and Weaknesses in the Risk Management of Blood-Borne Infections: Qualitative Research in Public Health.

This article presents the research from the first phase of our study on blood-borne risk management, wherein we solicited epidemiologists' and healthcare practitioners' expert opinions on a blood-borne infection risk assessment in Poland. Forty-two experts were recommended by epidemiology consultants and recruited from all districts in Poland. We used the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) method in the evaluation.

Pexophagy in Penicillin G Secretion by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96.

Penicillin G oversecretion by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96 is associated with a strictly adjusted cellular organization of the mature and senescent mycelial cells. Abundant vacuolar phagy and extended cellular vacuolization combined with vacuolar budding resulting in the formation of vacuolar vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane are the most important characteristic features of those cells. We suggest as follows: if the peroxisomes are integrated into vacuoles, the penicillin G formed in peroxisomes might be transferred to vacuoles and later secreted out of the cells by an exocytosis process.

Evaluation of economic effects of population ageing--methodology of estimating indirect costs.

Process of demographic ageing, especially in recent decades, is steadily growing in dynamics and importance due to increasing health-related needs and expectations with regard to a guarantee of social services. Elaboration of the most effective model of care, tailored to Polish conditions, requires an estimation of actual costs of this care, including indirect costs which are greatly related to informal care. The fact that the costs of informal care are omitted, results from a determined approach to analyses.

Determining the use of health care services by obese inhabitants of Warsaw. A preliminary study.

Background: The excessive use of health care services by obese people constitutes a serious financial burden to all highly developed countries. As yet however, this has not been recognised to be a problem in Poland.

Objective: To provide a preliminary analysis of Warsaw inhabitants in their use of and quality of received health care by comparing obese subjects with those of normal weight.

Compartmentalization in penicillin G biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96.

The arrangement of organelles in the sub-apical productive non-growing vacuolated hyphal cells of the high- and the low-penicillin-pro- ducing strains Penicillium chrysogenum was compared using transmission electron microscopy. In the productive cells of the high-yielding strain the endoplasmic reticulum and the polyribosomes with associated peroxisomes are frequently arranged at the periphery of the cytoplasm and around the vacuoles. At the high activity of penicillin G biosynthesis the immuno-label of the cytosolic isopenicillin N synthase is concentrated at the polyribosomes arranged in the peripheral cytoplasm and along the tonoplast as well as around the peroxisomes.

The risk of overweight and obesity in chronic diseases among Warsaw inhabitants measured by self-reported method.

Background: Obesity is well known cause of various diseases. However, there are only a few studies which enable to compare directly the magnitude of risk in different groups of chronic diseases.

Objectives: The aim of presented paper was to identify a magnitude of the risk of chronic diseases attributable to overweight and obesity on the basis of data on weight and height self-reported by respondents.

Differences in results of breast cancer curative treatment between urban/rural female population in Podlaskie Voivodship of Poland before introduction of the National Cancer Control Programme.

The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the results of the curative treatment received by women with breast cancer in urban and rural area in Podlaskie Voivodship in 2001-2002 before the introduction of the National Cancer Control Programme. The analysis was based on 449 women with breast cancer, who received curative treatment in years 2001-2002. Relative 5-year survival rates as function of age and stage among urban and rural women population were calculated.

Analyses of hospitalization of diabetes mellitus patients in Poland by gender, age and place of residence.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the hospitalization of diabetes mellitus patients in Polish hospitals in 2005-2009.

Materials And Methods: Data was taken from a nationwide database, kept at the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw. Data gathered for this work related to patients whose main cause of hospitalization was diabetes.

Determinants of self-rated health of Warsaw inhabitants.

Background: Self-rated health is a one-point measure commonly used for recognising subjectively perceived health and covering a wide range of individual's health aspects.

Objective: The aim of our study was to examine the extent to which self-rated health reflects the differences due to demographic characteristics, physical, psychical and social well-being, health disorders, occurrence of chronic disease and negative life events in Polish social and cultural conditions.

Material And Method: Data were collected by non-addressed questionnaire methods from 402 Warsaw inhabitants.

[Willingness of Warsaw inhabitants to cooperate with health service. II. Evaluation of health and retirement security].

Providing citizens with health security is one of the main challenges for health policy. For the effective modifying the health an social care system it is very important to recognize how citizens themselves perceived their health and retirement assurance. The article presents the analysis of assessment of health care system, out-of-pocket payments for treatment, and retirement system by Warsaw inhabitants in relation to demographic characteristics and health indicators.

[Willingness of Warsaw inhabitants to cooperate with health service. I. Opinions on health reforms].

Social participation in undertaking public decisions is one of the main determinants of good governance. Recognizing to what extent people are ready to participate in the process of reforming health care as an active partners seems to be necessary. Therefore, in Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education Department of NIPH-NIH the study aimed at examining citizen's willingness to cooperate with health staff and gathering their opinions on health reform was carried out.

[Willingness of Warsaw inhabitants to cooperate with health service. III. Use of different types of treatment].

Background: The global economic crisis led to the need to reduce the public expenditure, including health care. In a situation of reduction of the publicly guaranteed benefits, some services may be available only in private physicians for particular patients. Therefore, there is a need to examine factors determining the use of both types of health care.

Character of abuse towards the elderly through history.

Abuse, neglect and other forms of discrimination towards the elderly have always been present in history. There has been a model of "old person" in every culture, according to which older people are treated. The more idealized the model is, the less tolerant and more demanding society is towards the elderly.

[Depression, overweight and perceived body image among adolescents living in suburban areas].

The aim of the article is to explore the association between depression and overweight among adolescents living in suburban areas and to verify to what extend the acceptance of body image may be a mediating factor. The study was conducted on the sample of 322 students (girls--51.2%, boys--48.

[Evaluation of medical service quality by hospitalized patients].

The study of patient satisfaction with health care in the time of reforming the health care system in Poland was undertaken in Public Health School of the Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education in collaboration with Mazovian Public Health Centre and Health Promotion and Postgraduate Department of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene. A part of the study was to investigate the evaluation of quality of medical services by hospitalised patients. The data were obtained from randomly selected samples of 391 patients treated in five hospitals.

[Evaluation of patients' satisfaction level as a part of the quality of primary health care functioning].

Unlabelled: The study of patient satisfaction from primary health care is a part of the broader project focused on assessment of the quality of health care system in Poland in the time of reforms.

The Aim Of The Study: To evaluate how Warsaw units of primary health care satisfy patients' needs concerning to accession, conditions and procedures of treatment and relations with staff.

Material And Methods: The investigations were undertaken in Epidemiology and Health Promotion Department at Public Health School of the Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education in collaboration with Mazovian Public Health Centre and Health Promotion and Postgraduate Department of the National Institute of Hygiene.