The Extremely-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Affects Apoptosis and Oxidative-Stress-Related Genes and Proteins in the Porcine Endometrium-An In Vitro Study.

Nowadays, the extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is recognized as environmental pollution. The data indicate that the ELF-EMF may affect factors related to epigenetic regulation and alter important biological processes in the uterus. The impact of the ELF-EMF on apoptosis and oxidative-stress-related genes has not been documented in porcine endometrium.

Exposure to the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field induces changes in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the endometrium.

Increasing technological development results in more sources of the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), which is recognized as an environmental risk factor. The results of the past study indicate that the ELF-EMF can affect the level of DNA methylation. The study aimed to determine whether the ELF-EMF induces changes in epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period.

Context: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) emission is increasing due to substantial technological progress. The results of previous research provided evidence that ELF-EMF may exert changes in molecular mechanisms that control female reproduction.

Aims: We hypothesised that short-term ELF-EMF treatment alters the DNA methylation level of genes in the endometrium.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induces alterations in epigenetic regulation in the myometrium - An in vitro study.

Previous research by the authors indicated that an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) evokes molecular alterations in the porcine myometrium. It was hypothesized that the ELF-EMF could induce alterations in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the myometrium. In the current study, slices of the porcine myometrium during the peri-implantation period (n = 4) were used for further in vitro exposition to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 8 mT, 2 h treatment duration).

Transcriptome profile of the anterior pituitary gland in pigs during maternal recognition of pregnancy.

The activity of the pituitary gland determines the success of female reproduction. The knowledge regarding the reproductive-status-related changes in the transcriptome of the porcine pituitary is limited. This study aimed to determine and compare the transcriptome profile of the pituitary gland collected from pigs during maternal recognition of pregnancy, i.

The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on synthesis and release of steroid hormones by the porcine conceptuses during the peri-implantation period.

Context: Electrical devices and power systems are the sources of EM-waves which propagate everywhere in the environment.

Aims: The study aimed to determine whether EMF induced changes in the steroidogenesis of conceptuses and whether progesterone (P4 ) may be a possible protectant against the effects of EMF radiation.

Methods: The entire porcine conceptuses were collected during the peri-implantation period (days 15-16 of pregnancy), divided into fragments (100mg) and treated in vitro with EMF (50Hz or 120Hz, 2 or 4h exposure), and examined to determine of CYP17A1 , HSD3B1 , CYP19A3 , and HSD17B4 mRNA transcript and encoded protein abundance and the release of steroid hormones.

Electromagnetic field exposure alters in vitro estrogen biosynthesis and its release by the porcine endometrium in the peri-implantation period.

The electromagnetic field (EMF) is an environmental risk factor that may impair living organisms. This study aims to determine the functional effects of EMF exposure at 50 and 120 Hz for 2 or 4 h on estrogen synthesis and release in the endometrium. Endometrial slices were isolated from pigs (n = 5) during the peri-implantation period.

Vitamin D Metabolic Enzymes in the Porcine Uterus: Expression, Localization and Autoregulation by 1,25(OH)D In Vitro.

The role of vitamin D has been confirmed in female reproductive organs. This study aimed to examine vitamin D metabolic enzymes, i.e.

Nutritional restriction during the peri-conceptional period alters the myometrial transcriptome during the peri-implantation period.

This study hypothesized that female peri-conceptional undernutrition evokes transcriptomic alterations in the pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. Myometrium was collected on days 15-16 of pregnancy from pigs fed a normal- (n = 4) or restricted-diet (n = 4) from conception until day 9th of pregnancy, and the transcriptomic profiles of the tissue were compared using Porcine (V2) Expression Microarrays 4 × 44 K. In restricted diet-fed pigs, 1021 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with fold change ≥ 1.

Effect of the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation on Transcriptomic Profile of Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period-An In Vitro Study.

The electromagnetic field (EMF) affects the physiological processes in mammals, but the molecular background of the observed alterations remains not well established. In this study was tested the effect of short duration (2 h) of the EMF treatment (50 Hz, 8 mT) on global transcriptomic alterations in the myometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period using next-generation sequencing. As a result, the EMF treatment affected the expression of 215 transcript active regions (TARs), and among them, the assigned gene protein-coding biotype possessed 90 ones (differentially expressed genes, DEGs), categorized mostly to gene ontology terms connected with defense and immune responses, and secretion and export.

Effect of kisspeptin (KISS) and RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) on the synthesis and secretion of FSH in vitro by pituitary cells in pigs.

Kisspeptins (KISSs) and RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) affect the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and modulate female reproductive processes. The presence of KISS and RFRP-3 in the porcine pituitary gland and their contribution to the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and secretion is unknown. This study analyzed the presence of KISS and RFRP-3 in the pituitary of estrous-cyclic pigs on days 2 to 3, 10 to 11, 12 to 13, 15 to 16 and 19 to 20 and early pregnant pigs on days 10 to 11, 12 to 13 and 15 to 16, and evaluated the effect of KISS and RFRP-3 on β-Fsh mRNA expression and FSH secretion in vitro by pituitary cells collected on selected days of the estrous cycle.

Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation Alters Estrogen Release from the Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period.

An electromagnetic field (EMF) may affect the functions of uterine tissues. This study hypothesized that EMF changes the estrogenic activity of pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. Tissue was collected on days 15-16 of the gestation and incubated in the presence of EMF (50 and 120 Hz, 2 and 4 h).

Proteomic profile alterations in porcine conceptuses during early stages of development.

The dynamic embryo development during the early stages of gestation requires precise molecular changes, including proteomic ones. We aimed to find unique proteins for porcine conceptuses specifically during the peri-implantation period, i.e.

Effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation on androgen synthesis and release from the pig endometrium during the fetal peri-implantation period.

An electromagnetic field (EMF) may have effects on female reproduction. This study was conducted to determine whether EMF [50 and 120 Hz, 2 and 4 h of incubation in the presence or absence of progesterone (P, 10 M)] affects androgen synthesis and release from the pig endometrium. Endometrial slices were collected from pigs (n = 5) during the fetal peri-implantation period (i.

Effects of LH and FSH on androgen and oestrogen release in the myometrium of pigs during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy.

The porcine myometrium possesses steroidogenic activity. LH and FSH are hypothesised to regulate the myometrial production of androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), oestrone (E1) and 17β-oestradiol (E2). In this study, we used myometrium collected from cycling (n=15) and pregnant (n=15) pigs on Days 10-11, 12-13 and 15-16 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy to determine: (1) the abundance of LH and FSH receptor (LH/choriogonadotrophin receptor (CGR) and FSHR) mRNA and protein; (2) activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17βHSD1); and (3) A4, T, E1 and E2 release in response to LH and FSH treatment, used at doses 10 or 100ng mL-1 for 6h.

Transcriptomic analysis of the porcine anterior pituitary gland during the peri-implantation period.

The peri-implantation period is controlled by signals originating from hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, uterus and developing embryos. The transcriptomic activity of the anterior pituitary gland may be important for the control of the peri-implantation period. The aim of this study was to determine the alternations in the transcriptomic profile of porcine anterior pituitary gland during the peri-implantation period (days 15-16 of pregnancy) in comparison with established for the respective days of the oestrous cycle.

Consequences of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation during early pregnancy - androgen synthesis and release from the myometrium of pigs in vitro.

An electromagnetic field (EMF) has been found to affect reproductive processes in females. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low, non-ionizing EMF radiation on the steroidogenic activity of myometrium collected from pigs during the fetal peri-implantation period. Myometrial slices were treated with an EMF (50 and 120 Hz, 2 and 4 h of incubation) and examined for the aromatase cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/C17-20lyase (CYP17A1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (HSD3B1) mRNA transcript abundance, cytochrome P450c17 and 3βHSD protein abundance and the secretion of androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T).

Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptors and the Effect of IGF-1 and EGF on Androgen and Estrogen Release in the Myometrium of Pigs-In Vitro Study.

Porcine myometrium possesses steroidogenic activity but its regulation is not well understood. It was hypothesized that the regulators of myometrial steroidogenesis are insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which were found to modulate the steroidogenic activity of the endometrium and embryos. Myometrial slices were collected from gravid and nongravid pigs on days 10 or 11, 12 or 13 and 15 or 16 and studied for: (1) the relative abundance of IGF-1R and EGFR mRNA transcripts and proteins, to determine myometrial readiness to response growth factors treatment and (2) the effect of IGF-1 or EGF on the myometrial release of androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), estrone (E) and estradiol-17β (E).

Effect of kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide-3 on the synthesis and secretion of LH by pituitary cells of pigs during the estrous cycle.

Actions of kisspeptins (KISSs) and RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) at the hypothalamus modulate female reproduction. The action of KISS and RFRP-3 in the pituitary gland of pigs during the estrous cycle has not yet been delineated. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of KISS and RFRP-3 on relative abundance of αGSU and βLH mRNA transcript and LH secretion in vitro by pituitary cells of gilts during the estrous cycle.

Expression of vitamin D receptor in the porcine uterus and effect of 1,25(OH)D on progesterone and estradiol-17β secretion by uterine tissues in vitro.

Vitamin D acting via its nuclear receptor (VDR) was shown to target many reproductive tissues and regulate their function. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of vitamin D and VDR in the uterus. We hypothesized that VDR expression profile varies in the porcine uterus throughout the course of the estrous cycle, and 1,25(OH)D influences uterine steroidogenic activity.

Peri-conceptional nutritional restriction alters transcriptomic profile in the peri-implantation pig embryos.

Restricted nutritional consumption during the peri-conceptional period affects the potential for DNA methylation and alters endometrial transcriptomic profile during the peri-implantation period. The restricted diet fed to females during the peri-conceptional period may affect the transcriptomic profile in peri-implantation embryos. In the present study, the transcriptome of embryos of normal-diet-fed gilts was determined and compared with that in embryos of restricted-diet-fed gilts during the peri-implantation period.

Transcriptomic analysis of the oviduct of pigs during the peri-conceptional period.

The optimal environment in the oviduct is created by adjusting its ultrastructure and secretory capacity to protect gametes and embryos. It was hypothesized that direct contact between the isthmic epithelium and 2- and 4-cell-stage embryos would alter the transcriptomic profile of the isthmus in pigs. Microarray analysis was performed to determine the alterations in gene expression of the isthmus on Days 2-3 of pregnancy in pigs (after natural mating) during embryo presence in the oviduct.

Synthesis of steroid hormones in the porcine oviduct during early pregnancy.

Past studies of the oviducts have documented oviductal steroid production during the oestrous cycle in pigs. The present study examined whether the pig oviducts are the source of steroid hormones during early pregnancy. In the ampulla and isthmus, the expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19) mRNA by real-time PCR, cellular localization and quantities of the studied proteins by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis, and concentration of steroid hormones in oviductal flushings by radioimmunoassay, were studied.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) generates alterations in the synthesis and secretion of oestradiol-17β (E) in uterine tissues: An in vitro study.

An electromagnetic field (EMF) of extremely low frequency may affect physiological processes in mammals. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an EMF on the synthesis and secretion of oestradiol-17β (E) in the porcine uterus. Endometrial and myometrial slices were harvested on days 12-13 of the oestrous cycle and exposed in vitro to an EMF (50 and 120 Hz, 8 mT) for 2 and 4 h in the presence or absence of progesterone (P).

Proteomic analysis of the endometrium during early pregnancy in the domestic pig.

Reproductive processes in domestic pigs have been studied extensively. Pigs are one of the main sources of meat for human consumption and are an established model for investigations into mammalian, including human, reproductive physiology. Studies of the uterus during early pregnancy will lead to a better understanding of mechanisms governing pregnancy.