Accuracy of Different Apex Locators in Teeth with Simulated Apical Root Resorption: an In Vitro Study.

Background: Accurate working length (WL) determination is necessary in achieving optimal healing by non-surgical root canal therapy in teeth with inflammatory apical root resorption. Electronic apex locators (EALs) are one of the mainstays in determination of WL of teeth.

Aim: This study evaluated the accuracy of three EALs [RootZX (third generation), iPex (fourth generation) and Raypex 6 (modification of a fifth generation)] in determining the WL of teeth with simulated apical root resorption in permanent teeth.

Efficiency of Different Endodontic Irrigation and Activation Systems in Removal of the Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate and compare different endodontic irrigation and activation systems for removal of the intracanal smear layer.

Methods And Materials: Forty recently extracted, non-carious human intact single rooted premolars were selected and divided into five groups (=10) according to the root canal irrigation systems; syringe and needle irrigation (CTR), sonic irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and EndoVac irrigation system. All groups were prepared to #40 apical size with K-files.

Comparative evaluation of canal cleaning ability of various rotary endodontic filesin apical third: A scanning electron microscopic study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the canal cleaning ability of three novel endodontic rotary instruments and compare with ProTaper files as a control in apical third of root canals under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials And Methods: Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were selected according to inclusion criteria. Buccal cusp tips were ground to ensure having a flat coronal reference point with a total tooth length of 16 mm for all samples.