Large Emphysematous Bullae Mimicking As A Pneumothorax Leading To Unnecessary Chest Tube Insertion And Iatrogenic Pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax (Pnx) is the presence of air or gas in the pleural space which hinders the lungs to function appropriately. Pneumothorax that presents in the absence of any underlying aetiology is called primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and on the other hand, it may present as a complication of underlying lung disease which is known as secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (IP) is a type of SSP and is caused by medical interventional procedures which include transthoracic needle biopsy (24%), sub clavicular catheterization (22%), thoracocentesis (20%), transbronchial biopsy (10%), pleural biopsy (8%) and positive pressure ventilation (7%).

A Rare Case of Hemichorea-Hemiballismus Due to Chronic Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia.

Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycemia is a rare yet important cause of hemichorea-hemiballismus and very common among postmenopausal women. This case report illustrates the importance of recognizing hyperglycemia as a potential cause of hemiballismus. There is a need to differentiate hyperglycaemic intracranial changes from other intracranial pathologies, as prompt glycemic control can help improve hemiballistic symptoms and prevent a more aggressive or invasive workup.