Real-time risk estimation for active road safety: Leveraging Waymo AV sensor data with hierarchical Bayesian extreme value models.

Near-miss traffic risk estimation using Extreme Value Theory (EVT) models within a real-time framework offers a promising alternative to traditional historical crash-based methods. However, current approaches often lack comprehensive analysis that integrates diverse roadway geometries, crash patterns, and two-dimensional (2D) vehicle dynamics, limiting both their accuracy and generalizability. This study addresses these gaps by employing a high-fidelity, 2D time-to-collision (TTC) near-miss indicator derived from autonomous vehicle (AV) sensor data.

Beyond 1D and oversimplified kinematics: A generic analytical framework for surrogate safety measures.

This paper presents a generic analytical framework tailored for surrogate safety measures (SSMs) that is versatile across various highway geometries, capable of encompassing vehicle dynamics of differing dimensionality and fidelity, and suitable for dynamic, real-world environments. The framework incorporates a generic vehicle movement model, accommodating a spectrum of scenarios with varying degrees of complexity and dimensionality, facilitating the estimation of future vehicle trajectory evolution. It establishes a generic mathematical criterion to denote potential collisions, characterized by the spatial overlap between a vehicle and any other entity.

Biotechnological Advances in Pharmacognosy and In Vitro Manipulation of Roxb.

Trees are vital resources for economic, environmental, and industrial growth, supporting human life directly or indirectly through a wide variety of therapeutic compounds, commodities, and ecological services. Roxb. (Fabaceae) is one of the most valuable multipurpose forest trees in India and Sri Lanka, as it is cultivated for quality wood as well as pharmaceutically bioactive compounds, especially from the stem bark and heartwood.

Auxin-cytokinin synergism for producing genetically stable plants of using shoot tip meristems.

An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for Linn. using shoot tip meristems derived from a 4-month-old field grown plant. shoot regeneration and proliferation was accomplished on Murashige and Skoogs (MS) semi-solid medium in addition to different doses of cytokinins viz.

Embling Production in Althaea officinalis L., Through Somatic Embryogenesis and Their Appraisal via Histological and Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies.

In vitro propagation of a medicinally important plant, Althaea officinalis, has been achieved through somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos (globular to torpedo-shaped embryos) were induced on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium augmented with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 5.0, 10.

Retraction Note to: influencing micropropagation in Clitoria ternatea L. through the manipulation of TDZ levels and use of different explant types.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1007/s12298-012-0136-4.].

In Vitro Propagation and Conservation of Withania somnifera (Dunal) L.

Plant tissue culture offers several techniques for rapid clonal propagation, germplasm conservation, regeneration of genetically manipulated superior clones, production of phyto-constituents, and ex vitro conservation of valuable phytodiversity. An improved and efficient micropropagation protocol for Withania somnifera (L.), a drug-producing medicinal plant, using juvenile explants (nodal explants) has been developed.

Interactive Effects of Growth Regulators, Carbon Sources, pH on Plant Regeneration and Assessment of Genetic Fidelity Using Single Primer Amplification Reaction (SPARS) Techniques in Withania somnifera L.

An improved and methodical in vitro shoot morphogenic approach through axillary bud multiplication was established in a drug yielding plant, Withania somnifera L. Effects of plant growth regulators [6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin), 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), and thidiazuron (TDZ)] either singly or in combination with α-napthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were tested. The highest regeneration frequency (90 %) with optimum number of shoots (32 ± 0.

An efficient in vitro process for cyclic clonal production of shoots from adult tree of Cassia alata L. and evaluation of genetic stability using DNA-based markers.

An efficient, cyclic, two-step protocol for clonal in vitro regeneration system of an antiallergenic plant, Cassia alata, has been successfully developed. Nodal explants from a 5-year-old tree were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations (1.0, 2.

Relative examination of antioxidative enzymatic activities in plantlets of L. differentiated from hypocotyls in in vivo and ex vitro environment.

A plant regeneration protocol was devised for by means of aseptically extracted 7 days old hypocotyls forming adventitious shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium harmonized with 0.7 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) producing a maximum of 18.20 ± 0.

Rapid in vitro propagation system through shoot tip cultures of Vitex trifolia L.-an important multipurpose plant of the Pacific traditional Medicine.

A rapid and efficient plant propagation system through shoot tip explants was established in Vitex trifolia L., a medicinally important plant belonging to the family Verbenaceae. Multiple shoots were induced directly on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium consisting of different cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP), BA at an optimal concentration of 5.

Effect of adenine sulphate interaction on growth and development of shoot regeneration and inhibition of shoot tip necrosis under in vitro condition in adult Syzygium cumini L.--a multipurpose tree.

An efficient method for cloning Syzygium cumini (above 40 years old) through mature nodal segments has been successfully developed and that could be exploited for large-scale production of this valuable multipurpose tree. Nodal segments from mature tree were taken as explants and cultured on MS basal medium with different cytokinins (BA, Kin, AdS). The application of BA proved to be the best responsive cytokinin for the induction of shoot buds and shoots, but the proliferated shoots exhibited slower and stunted growth accompanied with abscission of leaves and shoot tip necrosis (STN).

Influencing micropropagation in Clitoria ternatea L. through the manipulation of TDZ levels and use of different explant types.

A comparative performance of two explants types (CN and Nodal) for their efficiency to induce multiple shoot regeneration in Clitoria ternatea has been carried out. Thidiazuron (TDZ) in different concentrations (0.05-2.

Role of TDZ in the quick regeneration of multiple shoots from nodal explant of Vitex trifolia L.--an important medicinal plant.

The effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) has been investigated in shoot multiplication for a simple, efficient, rapid, and commercially applicable regeneration protocol of an important medicinal plant, Vitex trifolia. Multiple shoots were induced in nodal explants obtained from a mature tree on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with TDZ in various concentrations (0.5, 1.

An efficient and reproducible method for in vitro clonal multiplication of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. and evaluation of genetic stability using DNA-based markers.

An efficient protocol is described for the rapid in vitro clonal propagation of an endangered medicinal plant, Rauvolfia tetraphylla L., through high frequency shoot induction from nodal explants collected from young shoots of a field grown plant. Effects of growth regulators [6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin) 2iP, or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)], carbohydrates, different medium [Murashige and Skoog (MS), Woody Plant Medium (WPM), Gamborg medium (B5), Linsmier and Skoog medium (LS)], and various pH levels on in vitro morphogenesis were investigated.

Efficient method for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of Artemisia annua L.

Artemisinin, a potent antimalarial natural products isolated from aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. Many patents have been reported that the demand for artemisinin is exponentially increasing year after year due to increased incidences of drug resistant malaria throughout the world. Leaf explants were used frequently as target tissue to generate transgenic of Artemisia.

Assessment of genetic fidelity in Rauvolfia serpentina plantlets grown from synthetic (encapsulated) seeds following in vitro storage at 4 °C.

An efficient method was developed for plant regeneration and establishment from alginate encapsulated synthetic seeds of Rauvolfia serpentina. Synthetic seeds were produced using in vitro proliferated microshoots upon complexation of 3% sodium alginate prepared in Llyod and McCown woody plant medium (WPM) and 100 mM calcium chloride. Re-growth ability of encapsulated nodal segments was evaluated after storage at 4 °C for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and compared with non-encapsulated buds.

In vitro propagation of Cichorium intybus L. and quantification of enhanced secondary metabolite (esculin).

In this report, rapid and effective shoot as well as root regeneration system through direct multiplication was successfully developed for Cichorium intybus L. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous growth regulators (TDZ and IAA) at different concentrations on the regulation process of the plant was also studied. Enhanced production of esculin in developed C.

Role of growth regulators on in vitro regeneration and histological analysis in Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera L.) Dunal.

An efficient, rapid and improved in vitro plant regeneration protocol has been established for Withania somnifera L. using shoot tip and nodal explants, excised from 15 days old aseptic seedlings. A range of cytokinins were investigated for multiple shoot regeneration.

Enhanced in vitro regeneration and change in photosynthetic pigments, biomass and proline content in Withania somnifera L. (Dunal) induced by copper and zinc ions.

In the present study the effect of inorganic nutrients (CuSO₄ & ZnSO₄) on morphogenic and biochemical responses from nodal explants in Withania somnifera L. was investigated. Incorporation of either Copper sulphate (25-200 μM) or Zinc sulphate (50-500 μM) in the optimized Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium highly influenced the shoot bud formation and subsequent elongation, which induced maximum percentage (95%) regeneration, number (61.

Temperature dependent electron binding in (H2O)8.

We combine classical molecular dynamics simulations and quantum density functional theory calculations to study the temperature effects on the electron affinity of the water octamer. The atomistic simulations provide a sample of the cluster's conformations as a function of the temperature, on which the density functional calculations are carried on. As the temperature increases, the cluster undergoes its characteristic phase change from a cubic, solidlike structure to a liquidlike state.