Evaluating upper lip changes during smiling and at rest in Indian population.

Context: Smile aesthetics is one of the major goals to be achieved after orthodontic mechanotherapy as it visibly displays the results of orthodontic treatment. Although orthodontic retainers aid in maintaining post-treatment occlusion, soft tissue function and aesthetics, appropriate knowledge of smile changes with age can help orthodontists to obtain stable and aesthetically appealing treatment results.

Aim: To assess and quantify soft tissue changes in the upper lip in vertical dimension at both repose and maximum smiling and to evaluate changes occurring with the smile index and upper lip with age and sex in subjects of Indian origin.

Stress distribution patterns in mini-implant and bone in the infra-zygomatic crest region at different angulations: A finite element study.

Purpose: To evaluate, using the finite element method (FEM), von Mises stress patterns produced both in a mini-implant (MI) and the infra-zygomatic crest region (IZC) at different placement angles and force magnitudes.

Material And Methods: FEM modeling of an infra-zygomatic crest MI, of dimensions 2 mm × 12 mm, was designed and placed in the IZC bone. The MI was inserted at 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, and 90° angulations to the IZC surface.

Finite element analysis of dental implant as orthodontic anchorage.

Aim: The purpose of this three-dimensional (3D) finite element study was to investigate orthodontic loading simulation on a single endosseous implant and its surrounding osseous structure, to analyze the resultant stresses and to identify the changes in the bone adjacent to the implant following orthodontic loading.

Materials And Methods: Two models were constructed using finite element method consisting of endosseous dental implant and the surrounding bone. In the first model, the contact between the implant and the bone was simulated showing no osseointegration, while the second model showed 100% osseointegration.

Apical force distribution due to orthodontic forces: a finite element study.

Aim: This finite element study was conducted to calculate the distribution of stresses in the periodontal ligament when various orthodontic forces were applied, with emphasis on the effect on root apex.

Materials And Methods: An in vitro finite element method was used to construct a three-dimensional finite element model of a maxillary central incisor, its periodontal ligament and alveolar bone was constructed on the basis of average anatomic morphology. To this model, five types of orthodontic forces namely tipping, bodily movement, intrusion, extrusion and rotations were applied at various points on the crown of the tooth model.