Interfacial Growth of Large Area Single-Crystalline Silver Sheets Through Ambient Microdroplets.

The creation of micrometer-sized sheets of silver at the air-water interface by direct deposition of electrospray-generated silver ions (Ag) on an aqueous dispersion of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), in ambient conditions, is reported. In the process of electrospray deposition (ESD), an electrohydrodynamic flow is created in the aqueous dispersion, and the graphene sheets assemble, forming a thin film at the air-water interface. The deposited Ag coalesce to make single-crystalline Ag sheets on top of this assembled graphene layer.

Strong and Elastic Membranes via Hydrogen Bonding Directed Self-Assembly of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters.

2D nanomaterials have provided an extraordinary palette of mechanical, electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. Ultrathin 2D nanomaterials are classically produced via exfoliation, delamination, deposition, or advanced synthesis methods using a handful of starting materials. Thus, there is a need to explore more generic avenues to expand the feasibility to the next generation 2D materials beyond atomic and molecular-level covalent networks.

Role of Zinc Oxide in the Compounding Formulation on the Growth of Nonstoichiometric Copper Sulfide Nanostructures at the Brass-Rubber Interface.

Tire technology has evolved substantially by the introduction of brass-coated steel cords (BCSCs) in radial tires. The durability of radial tires is dependent on the integrity of the brass-rubber interface composed predominantly of nonstoichiometric copper sulfide (Cu S, where = 1 to 2) nanostructures whose morphology and characteristics are dependent upon the crucial rubber additive, ZnO. Its higher concentration impacts environmental sustainability, while at lower levels, there is insufficient bonding between steel and the rubber thus affecting tire's safety.

Hierarchical Assembly of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters as a Luminescent Strain Sensor.

We demonstrate the formation of a versatile luminescent organo-inorganic layered hybrid material, composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protected Au clusters and aminoclay sheets. X-ray diffraction revealed the intercalation of Au@BSA in the layered superstructure of aminoclay sheets. Coulombic attraction of the clusters and the clay initiates the interaction, and the appropriate size of the clusters allowed them to intercalate within the lamellar aminoclay galleries.

Effect of varying time intervals between fentanyl and propofol administration on propofol requirement for induction of anaesthesia: Randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Administration of fentanyl before induction of anaesthesia with propofol should facilitate smooth induction, with a reduction in induction dose of propofol and its side effects. This study was designed to examine the effect of varying intervals between fentanyl and propofol administration on the dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia.

Methods: After institutional ethical clearance, 129 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I--II patients, aged 18--65 years, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomised into three groups.

Noninvasive Ventilation and Oxygen Therapy after Extubation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) following extubation in patients with acute respiratory failure is debatable. NIV may provide benefit in post surgical patients, but its role in nonsurgical patients is controversial.

Materials And Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched (from 1946 to 20 November 2017) to identify prospective randomized controlled trials, where postextubation NIV has been compared with standard oxygen therapy in adult patients with acute respiratory failure.

Holey MoS Nanosheets with Photocatalytic Metal Rich Edges by Ambient Electrospray Deposition for Solar Water Disinfection.

A new method for creating nanopores in single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets (NSs) by the electrospray deposition of silver ions on a water suspension of the former is introduced. Electrospray-deposited silver ions react with the MoS NSs at the liquid-air interface, resulting in AgS nanoparticles which enter the solution, leaving the NSs with holes of 3-5 nm diameter. Specific reaction with the S of MoS NSs leads to Mo-rich edges.

Self-propagated combustion synthesis of few-layered graphene: an optical properties perspective.

This paper describes a labour efficient and cost-effective strategy to prepare few-layered of reduced graphene oxide like (RGOL) sheets from graphite. The self-propagated combustion route enables the bulk production of RGOL sheets. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of few-layer graphene sheets of an average thickness of ∼3 nm and the presence of some oxygen functional groups with a C/O ratio of 8.

Atomically Precise Nanocluster Assemblies Encapsulating Plasmonic Gold Nanorods.

The self-assembled structures of atomically precise, ligand-protected noble metal nanoclusters leading to encapsulation of plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) is presented. Unlike highly sophisticated DNA nanotechnology, this strategically simple hydrogen bonding-directed self-assembly of nanoclusters leads to octahedral nanocrystals encapsulating GNRs. Specifically, the p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA)-protected atomically precise silver nanocluster, Na [Ag (pMBA) ], and pMBA-functionalized GNRs were used.

Prophylactic amiodarone vs dronedarone for prevention of perioperative arrhythmias in offpump coronary artery bypass grafting: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of prophylactic dronedarone and amiodarone in prevention of arrhythmias during and following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). This randomized, controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group study was carried out on 36 adult male patients aged 30-70 years, with modified Parsonnet score 0-10 undergoing offpump coronary artery bypass grafting. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed consent, the patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups (n=18).

Rapid reaction of MoS nanosheets with Pb and Pb ions in solution.

Understanding the chemical changes happening to nanostructures during a process is vital in selecting them for applications. Here, we investigated the difference in the reactivity of the bulk and nanoscale forms of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) in solution with lead ions (Pb and Pb) as probes, at room temperature. While the bulk form did not show any reactivity in the experimental timescale, the two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale form showed not only reactivity but also quite rapid kinetics that resulted in the formation of distinct products, principally PbMoO with anion substitution, in a few seconds.

Catalytic Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Metal Nanotubes and the Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene.

Materials are making inroads into mass spectrometry, and an example is the use of advanced materials for enhanced ionization by transformation of a less-ionizable molecule to an easily ionizable one. Here we show the use of Pt nanoparticle-decorated nanotubes as highly active catalysts for the reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene and subsequent easy detection of the product by in situ ambient ionization mass spectrometry.

Comparison of LMA Supreme™ with i-gel™ and LMA ProSeal™ in children for airway management during general anaesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Study Objective: A few randomized trials have compared LMA Supreme™ with LMA ProSeal™ and i-gel™ in children but their conclusions varied widely. This systematic review and meta analysis has compared the former device with the latter two devices.

Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review using the Mantel-Haenszel method and pooled mean difference using inverse variance method.

Interparticle Reactions: An Emerging Direction in Nanomaterials Chemistry.

Nanoparticles exhibit a rich variety in terms of structure, composition, and properties. However, reactions between them remain largely unexplored. In this Account, we discuss an emerging aspect of nanomaterials chemistry, namely, interparticle reactions in solution phase, similar to reactions between molecules, involving atomically precise noble metal clusters.

Ultra-high sensitivity infra-red detection and temperature effects in a graphene-tellurium nanowire binary hybrid.

The optoelectronic performance of hybrid devices from graphene and optically sensitive semiconductors exceeds conventional photodetectors due to a large in-built optical gain. Tellurium nanowire (TeNW), being a narrow direct band gap semiconductor (∼0.65 eV), is as an excellent potential candidate for near infra-red (NIR) detection.

[Perioperative gabapentin and pregabalin in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis].

Objectives: Sternotomy for cardiac surgeries causes significant postoperative pain and when not properly managed may cause significant morbidity. As neuropathic pain is a significant component here, gabapentin and pregabalin may be effective in these patients and may reduce postoperative opioid consumption. The purpose of this systematic review was to find out efficacy of gabapentin and pregabalin in acute postoperative pain after cardiac surgery.

Confined Metastable 2-Line Ferrihydrite for Affordable Point-of-Use Arsenic-Free Drinking Water.

Arsenic-free drinking water, independent of electrical power and piped water supply, is possible only through advanced and affordable materials with large uptake capacities. Confined metastable 2-line ferrihydrite, stable at ambient temperature, shows continuous arsenic uptake in the presence of other complex species in natural drinking water and an affordable water-purification device is made using the same.

Combination of 5-HT3 Antagonist and Dexamethasone Is Superior to 5-HT3 Antagonist Alone for PONV Prophylaxis After Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Meta-analysis.

Introduction: 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists are the most commonly used drugs for postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis. Dexamethasone is another antiemetic with proven efficacy in reducing PONV. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the combination of dexamethasone and 5-HT3 antagonist versus a 5-HT3 antagonist alone as prophylaxis of PONV in laparoscopic surgical patients.

Goal directed fluid therapy decreases postoperative morbidity but not mortality in major non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Optimum perioperative fluid administration may improve postoperative outcome after major surgery. This meta-analysis and systematic review has been aimed to determine the effect of dynamic goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on postoperative morbidity and mortality in non-cardiac surgical patients.

Material And Methods: Meta-analysis of published prospective randomized controlled trials where GDFT based on non-invasive flow based hemodynamic measurement has been compared with a standard care.

Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy with conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Purpose: The role of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is controversial.

Methods: This meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been designed to compare HFNO with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and conventional oxygen therapy in such patients.

Results: Initial database searching revealed 336 RCTs, of which 7 were included in this meta-analysis.

Unusual reactivity of MoS2 nanosheets.

The reactivity of the 2D nanosheets of MoS2 with silver ions in solution, leading to their spontaneous morphological and chemical transformations, is reported. This unique reactivity of the nanoscale form of MoS2 was in stark contrast to its bulk counterpart. While the gradual morphological transformation involving several steps has been captured with an electron microscope, precise chemical identification of the species involved was achieved by electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Comparison of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a significant complication after laparoscopic surgeries. Ondansetron and dexamethasone are most commonly used drugs for PONV prophylaxis.