Urinary Sulfate, Kidney Failure, and Death in CKD: The African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension.

Background: Sulfur is an important mineral element whose principal source is animal protein. Animal protein contributes to the daily acid load, which is associated with poor outcomes in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that higher urinary sulfate, as a reflection of the daily acid load, is associated with a greater risk of death and CKD progression.

A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Vancomycin Dosing by Weight Measures in Children.

Objective: Vancomycin carries risks of treatment failure and emergent resistance with underexposure and renal toxicity with overexposure. Children with overweight or obesity may have altered pharmacokinetics. We aimed to examine how body weight metrics influence vancomycin serum concentrations and to evaluate alternative dosing strategies.

Nonclinical Factors in Autism Diagnosis: Results From a National Health Care Provider Survey.

Objective: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased 10-fold in the past 40 years, and disparities have been noted by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, prompting concern about diagnostic accuracy. Provider perceptions of ASD diagnostic accuracy are not known. We conducted a survey of providers who diagnose ASD assessing how nonclinical factors might affect ASD diagnostic rates.

Vancomycin Dosing in Children With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Vancomycin is a medication with potential for significant harm with both overdosing and underdosing. Obesity may affect vancomycin pharmacokinetics and is increasingly common among children.

Objective: We aimed to determine if children with overweight or obesity have increased vancomycin trough concentrations with total body weight (TBW) dosing compared with children with normal weight.