The complete mitochondrial genome of 3 species of allocreadiids (Digenea, Allocreadiidae): characterization and phylogenetic position within the order Plagiorchiida.

Trematodes of the family Allocreadiidae are primarily found in the intestines of freshwater fishes around the world. The family includes 15 genera and c. 130 species.

REVISION OF SANGUINICOLA PLEHN, 1905 WITH REDESCRIPTION OF SANGUINICOLA VOLGENSIS (RAŠÍN, 1929) MCINTOSH, 1934, DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES, PROPOSAL OF A NEW GENUS, AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS.

Sanguinicola Plehn, 1905 comprises 26 species that collectively infect fishes from 8 orders (Cypriniformes, Characiformes, Siluriformes, Esociformes, Salmoniformes, Labriformes, Centrarchiformes, and Perciformes). Its revision is warranted because several species assigned to the genus could represent new genera, nucleotide sequences are wanting, many species have incomplete descriptions, and types for most species are missing or of poor quality. Herein, we emend Sanguinicola based on morphology and the first nucleotide-based phylogenetic analysis that includes multiple sequences from morphologically identified adult specimens.

ERECTION OF BOTHRIOCESTUS N. GEN. (CESTODA: BOTHRIOCEPHALIDEA) AND REDESCRIPTION OF BOTHRIOCESTUS CUSPIDATUS (COOPER, 1917) (SYN. BOTHRIOCEPHALUS CUSPIDATUS) FROM WALLEYE, SANDER VITREUS, (PERCIFORMES: PERCIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA.

Based on previous molecular phylogenetic analyses, Bothriocestus n. gen. is erected to accommodate bothriocephalid tapeworms that have an elongate scolex, a well-developed apical disc, and a narrow neck region, parasitize freshwater fishes in the Holarctic, and were previously placed in the polyphyletic genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea).

A NEW SPECIES OF BOTHRIOCEPHALUS (CESTODA: BOTHRIOCEPHALIDAE) FROM LEPOMIS SPP. (ACTINOPTERYGII: CENTRARCHIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA.

Based on morphological and molecular data, a new species of tapeworm, Bothriocephalus kupermani n. sp., is described from pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (type host), and green sunfish, L.

A young parasite in an old fish host: A new genus for proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda) of bowfin () (Holostei: Amiiformes), and a revised list of its cestodes.

A new genus, n. gen., is proposed for the proteocephalid cestode (La Rue, 1911) n.

Host-Specific Parasites Reveal the History and Biogeographical Contacts of Their Hosts: The Monogenea of Nearctic Cyprinoid Fishes.

Host-specific parasites exhibit close co-evolutionary associations with their hosts. In the case of fragmented/disjunct host distribution, host-specific parasites may reflect the biogeographical history of regions and/or the role played by contacts of hosts. The present study was focused on (Monogenea) species almost exclusively parasitizing cyprinoid fishes.

LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION (LAMP) ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ASIAN FISH TAPEWORM, SCHYZOCOTYLE ACHEILOGNATHI (YAMAGUTI, 1934) [SYN. BOTHRIOCEPHALUS ACHEILOGNATHI].

The Asian fish tapeworm (Schyzocotyle acheilognathi syn. Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) (AFT) is an invasive parasite that can infect many species of fish, although most hosts are primarily members of Cyprinidae. Pathogenicity has most often been reported in aquaculture settings in fry and fingerling stages of carp (Cyprinus spp.

Molecular evidence of three closely related species of Hunter, 1927 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea): a case of recent speciation in different fish hosts (Catostomidae)?

Monozoic tapeworms (Caryophyllidea) are dominant components of parasite communities of suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, with Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 representing one of the more species-rich genera. Molecular (28S rDNA) and morphological (including scanning electron microscopy and histology) evaluation of newly collected tapeworms from different fish hosts revealed the existence of four similar (and three closely related) species of Biacetabulum. These four species differ from their congeners by having a long body (up to 48 mm long) with a very long, slender neck (its length represents ≥30% of total body length), a large, globular scolex with a prominent central acetabulum-like loculus on the dorsal and ventral sides, two pairs of shallow lateral loculi and a distinct, slightly convex apical disc, and a cirrus-sac that is situated between the anterior arms of the ovarian wings.

The Proteocephalus species-aggregate (Cestoda) in cyprinoids, pike, eel, smelt and cavefish of the Nearctic region (North America): diversity, host associations and distribution.

Tapeworms (Cestoda) of the Proteocephalus-species aggregate from cyprinoids, pike, eel, smelt and cavefish in the Nearctic region (North America) are reviewed, based on a critical examination of newly collected and museum specimens. For some species neither new nor museum specimens were available and only literature data were used for these taxa. Two species occur in North American cyprinoids: (i) Nearctic Proteocephalus buplanensis Mayes, 1976 in Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill) in the upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay drainage basins, and (ii) Holarctic P.

Ex Uno Plures? Morphotype and Lineage Diversity of Bothriocephalus (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) in North American Freshwater Fishes.

Morphological and molecular evaluation of tapeworms of the genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea), based on newly collected and uniformly fixed worms from freshwater fishes in Canada and the United States has revealed unexpected diversity. With a combination of selected morphological features and 4 molecular markers (18S rDNA V8 region, ITS1, ITS2, and COI gene sequences), the following morphotypes and lineages of the Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917 complex were identified, several of which are specific to their respective fish definitive hosts and may represent separate species: B. cuspidatus sensu stricto from walleye, Sander vitreus (type host), which likely includes a miniature morphotype from Johnny darter, Etheostoma nigrum (both Percidae); Bothriocephalus morphotype from pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae); and Bothriocephalus morphotype from rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris (Centrarchidae).

The Proteocephalus species-aggregate (Cestoda) in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) of the Nearctic Region, including description of a new species from brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans.

A survey of the species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate from sticklebacks (Actinopterygii: Gasterosteidae) is provided. The occurrence of three species in North America is confirmed: (i) Proteocephalus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802), which has been reported from the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, in the northeastern part of North America (Newfoundland); (ii) Proteocephalus pugetensis Hoff et Hoff, 1929 occurs also in G. aculeatus, but in northwestern North America (British Columbia and Washington); and (iii) Proteocephalus culaeae sp.

Tapeworms (Cestoda) of Ictalurid Catfishes (Siluriformes) in North America: Redescription of Type Species of Two Genera and Proposal of Essexiellinae n. Subfam.

Ictalurid catfishes (Siluriformes) in North America harbor proteocephalid tapeworms of the subfamily Corallobothriinae. Type species of 2 of 3 genera of these tapeworms from ictalurids are redescribed, based on museum and newly collected material. Essexiella fimbriata (Essex, 1928) is typified mainly by a wide, umbrella-shaped scolex with a metascolex formed by numerous folds of tissue, anteriorly directed suckers without sphincters, vitellarium bent inwards posteriorly, "flower-shaped" uterus (with anterior, lateral, and posterior diverticula), and a conspicuously pre-equatorial genital atrium.

Odds ratios and hurdle models: a long-term analysis of parasite infection patterns in endangered young-of-the-year suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA.

We used odds ratios and a hurdle model to analyze parasite co-infections over 25 years on >20,000 young-of-the year of endangered Shortnose and Lost River Suckers. Host ecologies differed as did parasite infections. Shortnose Suckers were more likely to be caught inshore and 3-5 times more likely to have Bolbophorus spp.

Scolex morphology of monozoic tapeworms (Caryophyllidea) from the Nearctic Region: taxonomic and evolutionary implications.

A comparative study of the scoleces of monozoic tapeworms (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of catostomid and cyprinid fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) in the Nearctic Region, was carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. Scoleces of 22 genera of North American caryophyllideans were characterised and their importance for taxonomy, classification and phylogenetic studies was critically reviewed. Nearctic genera exhibit a much higher variation in the shape and form of scoleces compared with taxa in other biogeographical regions.

Amended diagnosis, validity and relationships of the genus Acrolichanus Ward, 1917 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) based on the 28S rRNA gene, and observations on its lineage diversity.

Adult specimens of the allocreadiid trematode Acrolichanus auriculatus (Wedl, 1858) were collected from Acipenser schrenckii Brandt from the River Amur and Amur Estuary, Acipenser ruthenus L. from the Rivers Irtysh and Oka (Asian and European parts of Russia, respectively), and Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque from Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin, USA, and used for phylogenetic analyses based on 28S rDNA sequence data. The results supported the monophyly of Acrolichanus populations from both continents and a clear separation of A.

The Species-Aggregate in Freshwater Centrarchid and Percid Fishes of the Nearctic Region (North America).

In the present paper, species of the -aggregate de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher, and Mariaux, 2004 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) reported from centrarchid and percid fishes in North America are reviewed, and their taxonomic status is critically assessed based on a study of type specimens and new material from Canada and the United States. The following 3 species, supposedly strictly specific to their fish definitive hosts, are recognized as valid: (1) Bangham, 1925 (new synonyms Bangham, 1925 and Haderlie, 1953 ; '' nomen nudum) from the smallmouth and largemouth bass, (Lacépède) (type host) and (Lacépède) (both Centrarchidae); (2) Wardle, 1932 (new synonym Hunter and Bangham, 1933 ) from the walleye, (Mitchill) (type host), and sauger, (Griffith et Smith) (Percidae); and (3) La Rue, 1919 , a parasite of the yellow perch, Mitchill (Percidae). All species are illustrated based on new, properly heat-fixed material.

Life Cycle of the Trout Cecal Nematode, (Nematoda: Cucullanidae): Experimental and Field Observations.

is a cucullanid nematode of primarily salmonine fishes. Brown trout () in Europe reportedly become parasitized by ingesting lampreys () carrying infective larvae. However, our field and laboratory observations suggested that North American specimens of have an alternative life cycle.

A New Species of Synbranchiella (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from the Mountain Mullet ( Dajaus monticola) in Costa Rica.

A new species of the recently erected genus of proteocephalid cestodes, Synbranchiella Arredondo, Alves and Gil de Pertierra, 2017 , is described based on specimens found in the mountain mullet, Dajaus monticola (Bancroft, 1834), from Costa Rica. The new species is placed in Synbranchiella because of the cortical position of the genital organs (typical of the former subfamily Monticelliinae); a robust scolex (lacking a metascolex) having a dome-shaped apex and biloculate suckers (lacking free posterior margins); vitelline follicles in 2 narrow lateral bands; a vagina always anterior to the cirrus-sac; and a genital pore that is markedly pre-equatorial, i.e.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Spiruromorph Nematodes (Spirurina: Spiruromorpha) In North American Freshwater Fishes.

Nematodes are common in the parasite communities of North American freshwater fishes, and the majority of them belong to 1 conventional order, Spirurida Chitwood, 1933. Within the Spirurida, the superfamilies Habronematoidea Chitwood and Wehr, 1932 and Thelazioidea Sobolev, 1949 have undergone considerable diversification. The dominant families of these 2 superfamilies, Cystidicolidae Skrjabin 1946 and Rhabdochonidae Railliet, 1916, respectively, are particularly common, widely distributed, and diverse, especially in North America, yet their phylogenetic relationships remain largely unexplored.

Asian Fish Tapeworm: The Most Successful Invasive Parasite in Freshwaters.

The Asian fish tapeworm (AFT), Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, is a notorious and highly successful invasive parasite reported in a wide spectrum of freshwater fishes, and new reports of its spread continue to emerge. To date, no thorough review of its worldwide distribution and host associations is available. In the present work, we collected information from 651 articles up until 2017, from which we updated the number of the hosts to 312 fish species and 11 non-fish species, which is quite unusual among helminths.

Morphological and molecular data for a new species of Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) in the Mexican redhorse Moxostoma austrinum Bean (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) in central Mexico.

Pomphorhynchus purhepechus n. sp. is described from the intestine of the Mexican redhorse Moxostoma austrinum Bean (Catostomidae) in central Mexico.

A Common Eurasian Fish Tapeworm, Caryophyllaeides fennica (Cestoda), in Western North America: Further Evidence of 'Amphi-Pacific' Vicariance in Freshwater Fish Parasites.

The freshwater fish faunas of the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions show similarities but also notable differences, resulting in diverse distributions of their parasites. Relatively few parasite species occur in both regions and fewer still have been examined using molecular data. We report a rare example of 'amphi-Pacific' distribution, involving the common Palaearctic parasite, the caryophyllidean cestode Caryophyllaeides fennica (Schneider, 1902), in the chiselmouth Acrocheilus alutaceus Agassiz and Pickering, 1855, an endemic cyprinid in northwestern Nearctic, Oregon.

Three new species of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 from darters (Perciformes: Percidae), with a redescription of Plagioporus boleosomi (Pearse, 1924) Peters, 1957.

A form of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 is described from the intestine of three North American species of darters (Perciformes: Percidae) from River West Twin, Wisconsin, USA, that we consider to be conspecific with Plagioporus boleosomi (Pearse, 1924) Peters, 1957 based on similarities in the sucker ratio, extent of the forebody, shape and position of the testes, vitellarium distribution and terminal genitalia. Three new species of Plagioporus are described from the intestine of darters as follows: Plagioporus fonti n. sp.

A synoptic review of Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, with description of two new species.

Monozoic cestodes of the recently amended genus Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of suckers (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) in North America, are reviewed, with information on their host specificity, distribution and data on the scolex morphology of seven species studied for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Evaluation of type and voucher specimens from museum collections and newly collected material of most species indicated the following valid nominal species: Promonobothrium minytremi Mackiewicz, 1968 (type species); P. ingens (Hunter, 1927); P.