Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of an Entrepreneurship, Biomedical Innovation, and Design Pathway in a School of Medicine Curriculum.

Background: New educational curricula are emerging to train physicians to practice healthcare in the 21 century. The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School T.H.

Protective efficacy of melatonin and insulin against LPS caused toxicity in diabetic mice.

Deregulated glucose homeostasis leads to a life-threatening metabolic disorder known as diabetes. The insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemic condition related to diabetes cause dysregulation of the immune system. This study evaluated the combined efficacy of melatonin and insulin in attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused inflammation, macrophage functional impairment, and oxidative stress in the spleen of diabetic mice.

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease in Rural Gujarat, India.

Introduction: In India, there have been only few published studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) showing a wide range of prevalence. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of PD in the rural population of Gujarat, in the western region of India.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the villages of Anand, a district of Gujarat, India, between September 2019 and February 2020.

Effect of Levodopa Initiation on the Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease.

The impact of Levodopa on the gut microbiota of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has not been sufficiently addressed. We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the impact of Levodopa initiation on the gut microbiota composition of 19 PD patients who had not previously been exposed to Levodopa. Patients provided two stool samples prior to and two samples 90 days after starting Levodopa.

Melatonin attenuates diabetes-induced oxidative stress in spleen and suppression of splenocyte proliferation in laboratory mice.

Hyperglycaemic condition induced oxidative stress in diabetic individuals caused oxidative damages of internal organs, including immune organ spleen. We studied the effects of low doses of melatonin (25, 50, and 100 µg/100g. B.

Education Research: A framework for global health curricula for neurology trainees.

As the global burden of neurologic disease increases, educating future neurologists about the principles of global health through global health curricula is of utmost importance. However, few neurology residency training programs have developed and implemented comprehensive global health curricula. This report outlines the design, implementation, and evaluation of the University of Massachusetts Medical School neurology residency global health curriculum.

Delayed-onset MRI findings in acute chorea related to anoxic brain injury.

Anoxic brain injury can manifest with various abnormal movements. We describe acute chorea in a young patient with anoxic brain injury due to chlordiazepoxide toxicity who had delayed radiographic lesions in bilateral globus pallidus. Although brain MRI 8days after the anoxic event was unremarkable, repeat brain MRI 15days after the event showed T2 hyperintensities and enhancement within the bilateral globus pallidi.

New symptomatic therapies for Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD), an inherited neurodegenerative disease, results from a CAG repeat expansion creating mutant huntingtin protein and widespread neuronal damage. Motor symptoms such as chorea are often preceded by cognitive and behavioral changes. Tetrabenazine and deutetrabebenazine are the two drugs approved by the Federal Food and Drug Administrationfor HD symptoms, is an effective therapy for chorea.

Practical Considerations in Addressing Physician Burnout.

Physician burnout is an epidemic impacting patient care, career satisfaction, and physician health and well-being. Symptoms may result in potentially damaging consequences for physicians' professional and personal lives. Neurologists are experiencing burnout at higher rates than most medical and surgical specialties.

RAHI-SATHI Indo-U.S. Collaboration: The Evolution of a Trainee-Led Twinning Model in Global Health Into a Multidisciplinary Collaborative Program.

Background: In recent years there has been a surge in the number of global health programs operated by academic institutions. However, most of the existing programs describe partnerships that are primarily faculty-driven and supported by extramural funding.

Program Description: Research and Advocacy for Health in India (RAHI, or "pathfinder" in Hindi) and Support and Action Towards Health-Equity in India (SATHI, or "partnership" in Hindi) are 2 interconnected, collaborative efforts between the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) and Charutar Arogya Mandal (CAM), a medical college and a tertiary care center in rural western India.

HIV-associated dementia in the Dominican Republic: a consequence of stigma, domestic abuse and limited health literacy.

A 38-year-old Dominican woman presented at an infectious disease clinic in Santo Domingo, with subacute dementia and psychomotor slowing. Based on physical findings and laboratory results, she was diagnosed with AIDS and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). She subsequently began combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in postural tachycardia syndrome.

Background: Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a dysautonomia defined by an exaggerated increase in heart rate upon changing posture. It is associated with disturbances involving multiple organ systems, including neurologic, dermatologic, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Previous studies identified GI complaints in these patients and showed gastric emptying and electrical activity abnormalities.

Dermatological Manifestations of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Are Common and Diverse.

Background And Purpose: Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a syndrome of orthostatic intolerance in the setting of excessive tachycardia with orthostatic challenge, and these symptoms are relieved when recumbent. Apart from symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, there are many other comorbid conditions such as chronic headache, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, and sleep disturbances. Dermatological manifestations of POTS are also common and range widely from livedo reticularis to Raynaud's phenomenon.

A survey-based analysis of symptoms in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a type of dysautonomia seen most commonly in young women and children. It is defined as an increase in heart rate of 30 beats per minute (bpm) or more within 10 minutes of standing in adults, or by 40 bpm or more in children in the absence of orthostatic hypotension. In addition to typical autonomic symptoms, POTS patients report a wide range of subjective complaints in multiple organ systems, though the exact frequencies are unclear.

Leishmanicidal compounds from the fruits of Piper longum.

One new alkaloid amide, piperlongumide (1) [N-isobutyl-19-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E nonadecadienamide], and six known compounds with leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania donovani were isolated from the n-hexane fraction of the fruits of Piper longum. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic evidences.

Glycobiology of the Leishmania parasite and emerging targets for antileishmanial drug discovery.

Importance Of The Field: Parasitic diseases that pose a threat to human life include leishmaniasis - caused by protozoa of Leishmania species. Existing drugs have limitations due to deleterious side effects like teratogenicity and factors like cost and drug resistance, thus furthering the need to develop this area of research.

Areas Covered In This Review: We came across drug targets, very recently characterised, cloned and validated by genomics and bioinformatics.