Activity pattern of antioxidant enzymes in relation to the time of exposure of hexavalent chromium to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), a toxicant of environmental concern, frequently enters into water bodies and produces oxidative stress in fish. The antioxidant enzymes, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathion S-transferase (GST) are activated to counteract the oxidative stress in fish. This study explores the pattern of activation of these enzymes in gill, muscle, liver, and kidney tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 9.

Recycling of animal protein wastes in the formulation of feed for Labeo rohita and Mystus vittatus-a comparative evaluation.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are key players in the fermentation of organic wastes and their recycling as feedstuff for fish. Whey, a common dairy byproduct in India, is a cheap source of LAB and can be used to ferment animal byproducts. An experimental study was designed to explore whether the whey fermented animal protein blend (WFAPB) could be used as a fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for both stomach-less carp fish Labeo rohita and stomach-bearing catfish Mystus vittatus.

Multi-criteria decision making to validate performance of RBC-based formulae to screen [Formula: see text]-thalassemia trait in heterogeneous haemoglobinopathies.

Background: India has the most significant number of children with thalassemia major worldwide, and about 10,000-15,000 children with the disease are born yearly. Scaling up e-health initiatives in rural areas using a cost-effective digital tool to provide healthcare access for all sections of people remains a challenge for government or semi-governmental institutions and agencies.

Methods: We compared the performance of a recently developed formula SCS[Formula: see text] and its web application SUSOKA with 42 discrimination formulae presently available in the literature.

Transfer of chromium from environment to fish in East Kolkata wetlands - evaluation by structural equation modeling.

Chromium (Cr) is a significant pollutant in the effluents from leather industries and domestic city sewage. Cr was determined in water, sediment, and different tissues (gill, muscle, intestine, liver, and kidney) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus harvested from wastewater-fed aquaculture (WFA) situated at Bamonghata, Bantala, Chowbaga and Chingrighata of East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), a Ramsar site in West Bengal, India. The results showed that Cr concentration in surface water ranged between 0.

Performance analysis of machine learning algorithms and screening formulae for β-thalassemia trait screening of Indian antenatal women.

Background: Currently, more than forty discrimination formulae based on red blood cell (RBC) parameters and some supervised machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have been recommended for β-thalassemia trait (BTT) screening. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of 26 such formulae and 13 MLAs on antenatal woman data with a recently developed formula SCS, which is available for evaluation in over seventy countries as an Android app, called SUSOKA[16].

Methods: A diagnostic database of 2942 antenatal females were collected from PGIMER, Chandigarh, India and was used for this analysis.

A decision support scheme for beta thalassemia and HbE carrier screening.

The most effective way to combat β-thalassemias is to prevent the birth of children with thalassemia major. Therefore, a cost-effective screening method is essential to identify β-thalassemia traits (BTT) and differentiate normal individuals from carriers. We considered five hematological parameters to formulate two separate scoring mechanisms, one for BTT detection, and another for joint determination of hemoglobin E (HbE) trait and BTT by employing decision trees, Naïve Bayes classifier, and Artificial neural network frameworks on data collected from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis-optimization by mathematical programming.

Search for cost-effective, eco-friendly and sustainable plant resources as potential feedstuff to replace fishmeal in the formulation of feed for fish has been in the forefront of aquaculture researches since the last few years. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate if replacement of fishmeal by the fermented leaf meal of mulberry (Morus indica) was viable in the formulation of feed for carp fish Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Four iso-proteinous, iso-lipidic and iso-energetic experimental feed were formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50 and 75% of fishmeal by the fermented mulberry leaf meal (FMLM), and both species were grown on these feeds for 8 weeks.

Exploring potential applications of a novel extracellular polymeric substance synthesizing bacterium (Bacillus licheniformis) isolated from gut contents of earthworm (Metaphire posthuma) in environmental remediation.

The aim was to isolate, characterize, and explore potentials of gut bacteria from the earthworm (Metaphire posthuma) and imply these bacteria for remediation of Cu(II) and Zn(II). An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing gut bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis strain KX657843) was isolated and identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The strain showed maximum tolerance of 8 and 6 mM for Cu(II) and Zn(II) respectively.

Acute and sublethal effects of organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos on freshwater fish .

Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organosphosphate insecticide in India. Residue of the insecticide is frequently detected in trace to moderate concentration in food grains and in surface water of different freshwater ecosystems of the country. In this study, 96 h LC of the technical grade (94% a.

Deposition, acute toxicity, and bioaccumulation of nickel in some freshwater organisms with best-fit functions modeling.

Although nickel (Ni) frequently enters into water, documents on speciation of the metal and its toxicity to freshwater organisms are scanty. Laboratory experiments, made in this study, with 1.0-5.

Kinetics of Deposition, Acute Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Copper in some Freshwater Organisms.

Experiments with environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu in glass aquaria revealed that Cu was quickly removed from water. Cubic regression of Cu concentration against time showed that maximum rate of removal was around 69.34-72.

Deposition of chromium in aquatic ecosystem from effluents of handloom textile industries in Ranaghat-Fulia region of West Bengal, India.

Accumulation of chromium (Cr) was determined in water, sediment, aquatic plants, invertebrates and fish in aquatic ecosystems receiving effluents from handloom textile industries in Ranaghat-Fulia region of West Bengal in India. Cr was determined in the samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and data were analyzed functionally by Genetic Algorithm to determine trend of depositions of Cr in the sediment and water. Area plot curve was used to represent accumulation of Cr in biota.

Biomarkers of type II synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in freshwater fish.

Type II synthetic pyrethroids contain an alpha-cyano group which renders them more neurotoxic than their noncyano type I counterparts. A wide array of biomarkers have been employed to delineate the toxic responses of freshwater fish to various type II synthetic pyrethroids. These include hematological, enzymatic, cytological, genetic, omic and other types of biomarkers.

Dietary ascorbic acid as a means to counter the stress of cypermethrin on the growth of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis.

Two months of experiments performed in outdoor vats in a 3 3 factorial design to evaluate the effects of three sublethal levels (0.0, 0.3 and 0.

Effects of carbaryl, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan on growth, reproduction and respiration of tropical epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus (Perrier).

Effects of sub-lethal doses of carbaryl (1-Naphthyl-methylcarbamate), chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl-phosphorothioate) and endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), respectively a carbamate, an organophosphate and an organochlorine insecticide on growth, reproduction and respiration of the tropical earthworm, Perionyx excavatus (Perrier) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed significant reduction in biomass, production and hatching of cocoon and production of juveniles of the worms exposed to 0.75 to 3.

Ecotoxicological assessment of cobalt used as supplement in the diet of common carp Cyprinus carpio.

Experiments were performed in the laboratory to determine if excess levels of Co used as dietary supplement (0.0, 0.05, 0.

Toxicity of the pyrethroid pesticide fenvalerate to freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus: lethality, biochemical effects and role of dietary ascorbic acid.

Static bioassays were made in the laboratory to determine lethal concentration of the pyrethroid pesticide fenvalerate [(RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate] for the freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus and effects of sublethal concentrations of the pesticide on some biochemical parameters of the fish. For exposure periods of 24 to 96 h, LC(50) values of fenvalerate ranged from 5.83-4.

Effects of cypermethrin on some biochemical parameters and its amelioration through dietary supplementation of ascorbic acid in freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis.

Static bioassays were made to evaluate efficiency of dietary supplementation of ascorbic acid to counter stress exerted by the pyrethroid pesticide, cypermethrin on freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Three levels, a control and two sub-lethal concentrations (0.3 and 0.

Ecotoxicological effects of jute retting on the survival of two freshwater fish and two invertebrates.

Severe deterioration of water quality occurs during jute retting in ponds, canals, floodplain lakes, and other inland water bodies in the rural areas of West Bengal in India. Attempts were made to evaluate changes in the physicochemical parameters of water caused by jute retting, and their impact on the survival of two species of freshwater fish (Labeo rohita and Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) and two species of freshwater invertebrate (Daphnia magna, a Cladocera, and Branchiura sowerbyi, an Oligochaeta). Results showed that jute retting in a pond for 30 days resulted in a sharp increase in the BOD (>1,000 times) and COD (>25 times) of the water, along with a sharp decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO).

Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to some freshwater organisms.

Ninety-six hours static bioassays were made in the laboratory to determine acute toxicity of cypermethrin to five non-target freshwater organisms belonging to different taxa and niche. Susceptibility of the organisms to cypermethrin was in the order: the crustacean Diaptomus forbesi > the aquatic insect Ranatra filiformis > the freshwater carp Cyprinus carpio > the tadpole larva of the toad Bufo melanostictus > the oligochaet worm Branchiura sowerbyi. Ninety-six hours LC50 values of aqueous cypermethrin ranged from 0.

Effects of aniline--an aromatic amine to some freshwater organisms.

We determined the acute and chronic toxicity of aniline to tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), cladoceran crusatcea (Moina micrura) and oligochaete worm (Branchiura sowerbyi) using static bioassay tests. The 96h LC50 values of aniline for O. mossambicus, M.

Ascorbic acid supplementation of diet for reduction of deltamethrin induced stress in freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus.

Static bioassays were made to evaluate efficiency of supplementation of ascorbic acid to remove stress of pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin from freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus. Clarias gariepinus exhibited several symptoms of stress when treated with deltamethrin (0.005 mg/l) for 24 h.

Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).

Lethal concentrations of cypermethrin, dissolved either in water or acetone, were determined for freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis at different hours of exposure by static bioassays. Up to 48 hours, there was no difference between LC(50) values of aqueous and acetone solublized cypermethrin. Seventy-two-hour LC(50) values of aqueous cypermethrin and acetone solublized cypermethrin to H.

Combined effects of cadmium and composted manure to aquatic organisms.

To evaluate the interactive toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and composted manure to aquatic organisms 96 h static bioassays were conducted in the laboratory with fry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), copepod (Diaptomusforbesi) and oligochaete worm (Branchiura sowerbyi). Five concentrations of composted manure (0, 0.25, 0.