Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has evolved into a daycare procedure thanks to advancements in both surgical and anesthetic techniques. Regional anesthesia, specifically segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia (TSA), offers distinct benefits over general anesthesia, such as enhanced hemodynamic stability and quicker recovery, especially in high-risk patients. This study aims to compare the sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamic stability, and incidence of adverse effects between isobaric and hyperbaric 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman gut microbial species are crucial for dietary metabolism and biosynthesis of micronutrients. Digested products are utilised by the host as well as several gut bacterial species. These species are influenced by various factors such as diet, age, geographical location, and ethnicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are crucial for diagnosing malaria in resource-limited settings. These tests, which detect the histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and its structural homologue PfHRP3, are specifically designed to identify Plasmodium falciparum. Deletion of the Pfhrp2 gene in parasite has been reported in India and other malaria-endemic countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetagenomics has emerged as a pivotal tool in bioremediation, providing a deeper understanding of the structure and function of the microbial communities involved in pollutant degradation. By circumventing the limitations of traditional culture-based methods, metagenomics enables comprehensive analysis of microbial ecosystems and facilitates the identification of new genes and metabolic pathways that are critical for bioremediation. Advanced sequencing technologies combined with computational and bioinformatics approaches have greatly enhanced our ability to detect sources of pollution and monitor dynamic changes in microbial communities during the bioremediation process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe lockdown enforced amid the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the occurrence and trends of various respiratory virus infections, with a particular focus on influenza. Our study seeks to analyze the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the positivity of the influenza virus throughout a 4-year span, encompassing both the pre-COVID-19 era (2018 and 2019) and the COVID-19 period (2020 and 2021). Data collected from patients clinically diagnosed with Influenza-like Illness and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) from January 2018 to December 2021 for influenza virus detection were acquired and analyzed through multiplex RT-qPCR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Facebook (FB) is the most popular online networking platform. Many celiac disease Facebook (CD-FB) pages spread awareness about celiac disease (CD). To get the latest information, patients with CD frequently follow such pages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlycans and their glycoconjugates are complex biomolecules that are crucial for various biological processes. Glycoconjugates are found in all domains of life. They are covalently linked to key biomolecules such as proteins and lipids to play a pivotal role in cell signaling, adhesion, and recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground Objectives: This study reports observation on circulating serotypes and genotypes of Dengue Virus in North India.
Methods: Serum samples were obtained from suspected cases of dengue referred to the virus diagnostic laboratory during 2014 to 2022. All samples were tested for anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies and NS1Ag by ELISA.
Restriction modification (RM) systems are one of the ubiquitous yet primitive defense responses employed by bacteria and archaea with the primary role of safeguarding themselves against invading bacteriophages. Protection of the host occurs by the cleavage of the invading foreign DNA via restriction endonucleases with concomitant methylation of host DNA with the aid of a methyltransferase counterpart. RM systems have been extensively studied in bacteria, however, in the case of archaea there are limited reports of RM enzymes that are investigated to date owing to their inhospitable growth demands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Food products with <20 mg/kg gluten can be labeled 'gluten-free' according to international regulations. Several antibodies-based ELISAs have been develop to track gluten traces in food products. Among them, R5 and G12 antibody-based ELISAs are the frequently used methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCD4 T follicular helper cells (T) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into T subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the T profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a T1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a ubiquitous enzyme that regulates the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate among various species of Plasmodium parasite. It is a validated target of the antifolate drug pyrimethamine (Pyr) in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), but its clinical efficacy has been hampered due to the emergence of drug resistance. This has made the attempt to screen Food & Drug Administration-approved drugs against wild- and mutant PfDHFR by employing an in-silico pipeline to identify potent candidates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCellulolytic bacteria were isolated from yak dung samples collected from different habitats of Sikkim, India. Isolate YE16 from the Yumthang Valley sample showed highest enzyme activity of 7.68 U/mL and was identified as Bacillus sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchistosomiasis is caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma, which infect more than 200 million people. Praziquantel (PZQ) has been the main drug for controlling schistosomiasis for over four decades, but despite that it is ineffective against juvenile worms and size and taste issues with its pharmaceutical forms impose challenges for treating school-aged children. It is also important to note that PZQ resistant strains can be generated in laboratory conditions and observed in the field, hence its extensive use in mass drug administration programs raises concerns about resistance, highlighting the need to search for new schistosomicidal drugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common injury with an incidence of 68.6 in 100,000 patients per year. Despite extensive research on ACL rupture, there are insufficient high-quality studies to determine clear treatment strategies for adults lacking the ACL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS)-known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Antimalarial drug resistance surveillance and containment are crucial for countries aiming to eliminate malaria. Monitoring resistance evolution through studies before and after treatment policy changes is essential.
Methods: A total of 939 Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood samples were collected between 2014 and 2015 across 10 sites in India, categorized into 4 geographic clusters.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
June 2024
The organic wastes and residues generated from agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities have the potential to be converted to bioenergy. One such energy is biogas, which has already been included in rural areas as an alternative cooking energy source and agricultural activities. It is produced via anaerobic digestion of a wide range of organic nutrient sources and is an essential renewable energy source.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: CD4 T cells survey and maintain immune homeostasis in the brain, yet their differentiation states and functional capabilities remain unclear. Our approach, combining single-cell transcriptomic analysis, ATAC-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and flow cytometry, revealed a distinct subset of CCR7+ CD4 T cells resembling lymph node central memory (T ) cells. We observed chromatin accessibility at the CCR7, CD28, and BCL-6 loci, defining molecular features of T .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndustrial development and the associated generation of waste requires attention for their management, treatment, and reduction without further degrading the quality of life. Microbes and plant-based bioremediation approaches are some of the sustainable strategies for the biodegradation of harmful pollutants instead of chemical-based treatment. Bioaugmentation is one such approach where microbial strains with the ability to degrade the targeted pollutant are introduced in a polluted environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) - known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into Tfh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the Tfh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a Tfh1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlycans are the most abundant and diverse group of biomolecules with a crucial role in all the biological processes. Their structural and functional diversity is not genetically encoded, but depends on Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) which carry out all catalytic activities in terms of synthesis, modification, and degradation. CAZymes comprise large families of enzymes with specific functions and are widely used for various commercial applications ranging from biofuel production to textile and food industries with impact on biorefineries.
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