Occurrence and exposure assessment of Aflatoxin M in milk and milk products in India.

Milk containing Aflatoxin M (AFM) poses a serious health risk to consumers. Present study was undertaken to determine levels of AFM in 146 milk and value added dairy products sold in retail markets of Chhattisgarh, India using HPLC coupled with fluorescence detector. A total of 52 samples (35.

Detection of aflatoxin M in bovine milk from different agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh, India, using HPLC-FLD and assessment of human health risks.

Concerns regarding food safety and 'One Health' are increasing globally. Aflatoxin M (AFM), a human carcinogenic toxin, is excreted by lactating animals in their milk after consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of AFM in cattle and buffalo milk produced in rural and peri-urban areas under different agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh, India, and assesses human health risks.

Assessment of aflatoxin contamination in dairy animal concentrate feed from Punjab, India.

Aflatoxins are one of the major environmental contaminants in animal feed and pose a potential threat to human health due to their secretion in the milk of lactating animals. The present study was conducted with the objectives to determine the occurrence of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in dairy animal concentrate feed and to evaluate the effect of season, spatial variation, and dairy farm size on the levels of aflatoxins contamination. A total of 189 dairy animal concentrate feed samples were tested for aflatoxins with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as screening and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) as confirmatory techniques.

Potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk produced under different farm conditions.

The present study was carried out with the objectives to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk and identification of associated risk factors from three different types of animal farming systems. A total of 189 pooled raw milk samples were tested for AFM1 with enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) as screening and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) as confirmatory techniques. AFM1 was found positive in 58% pooled milk samples with the mean level of 0.

Characterization of Gallinarum from an outbreak in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh.

Aim: The present investigation was conducted to isolate and characterize Gallinarum from an outbreak of fowl typhoid in layer birds.

Materials And Methods: Clinically ill and dead layer birds from an outbreak were investigated. History, clinical signs, and postmortem lesions were suggestive of fowl typhoid.

Occurrence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing in foods of animal origin and human clinical samples in Chhattisgarh, India.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (, , and ) genes in isolated from chicken meat, chevon meat, raw milk, and human urine and stool samples collected from tribal districts of Chhattisgarh, ., Jagdalpur, Dantewada, Kondagaon, and Kanker.

Materials And Methods: A total of 330 samples, comprising 98 chicken meat, 82 chevon meat, 90 raw milk, and 60 human urine and stool samples, were processed for isolation of .