Optimizing speed breeding and seed/pod chip based genotyping techniques in pigeonpea: A way forward for high throughput line development.

Background: The challenge of pigeonpea breeding lies in its photosensitivity and seasonal specificity. This poses a problem to the breeder, as it restricts to single generation advancement in a year. Currently, the cross to cultivar gap is twelve to thirteen years resulting in a limited number of varietal releases over the past six decades.

Exploring alternative strategies for Staphylococcus aureus nasal decolonization: insights from preclinical studies.

Nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus with the antibiotic mupirocin is a common clinical practice before complex surgical procedures, to prevent hospital acquired infections. However, widespread use of mupirocin has led to the development of resistant S. aureus strains and there is a limited scope for developing new antibiotics for S.

Risk Factors for Mortality in Melioidosis: A Single-Centre, 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease with diverse clinical presentations. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and mortality risk factors of patients diagnosed with melioidosis in the past 10 years. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a quaternary care centre in South India.

Characterization of plastic debris from surface waters of the eastern Arabian Sea-Indian Ocean.

The quantity of floating plastic debris (FPD) is continuously being increased in the oceans. To assess their size, structure, and composition along the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS), FPD samples were collected by using a surface plankton net. The microplastic size fraction (0.

TB patient support systems in Kerala: A qualitative analysis.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to infectious diseases in the world. Kerala a southern state in India aims to eliminate TB in the near future. In order to achieve its goal Kerala is providing various social support services to TB patients to ensure their smooth transition as they pass through the treatment cascade.

Premature chromosome condensation assay to study influence of high-level natural radiation on the initial DNA double strand break repair in human G lymphocytes.

The inherent capacity of individuals to efficiently repair ionizing radiation induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) may be inherited, however, it is influenced by several epigenetic and environmental factors. A pilot study tested whether chronic low dose natural radiation exposure influences the rejoining of initial DNA DSBs induced by a 2 Gy γ-irradiation in 22 individuals from high (>1.5 mGy/year) and normal (≤1.

Frequency of chromosome aberrations among adult male individuals from high and normal level natural radiation areas of Kerala in the southwest coast of India.

Chromosome aberration analysis was carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes of adult male individuals from normal level natural radiation areas (NLNRA, ≤1.5 mGy/year, N = 27) and high level natural radiation areas (HLNRA, >1.5mGy/year, N = 70) of Kerala coast in southwest India.

Preparation, characterization and efficacy of lysostaphin-chitosan gel against Staphylococcus aureus.

Lysostaphin (LST) is a bacteriocin that cleaves within the pentaglycine cross bridge of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan. Previous studies have reported the high efficiency of LST even against multi drug resistant S. aureus including methicillin resistant S.

Current Status and Future Prospects of Next-Generation Data Management and Analytical Decision Support Tools for Enhancing Genetic Gains in Crops.

Agricultural disciplines are becoming data intensive and the agricultural research data generation technologies are becoming sophisticated and high throughput. On the one hand, high-throughput genotyping is generating petabytes of data; on the other hand, high-throughput phenotyping platforms are also generating data of similar magnitude. Under modern integrated crop breeding, scientists are working together by integrating genomic and phenomic data sets of huge data volumes on a routine basis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence-regulator PhoP interacts with alternative sigma factor SigE during acid-stress response.

The ability to sense acid stress and mount an appropriate adaptive response by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which adapts a long-term residence in the macrophage phagosome, remains one of the critical features that defines mycobacterial physiology and its intracellular location. To understand the mechanistic basis of adaptation of the intracellular pathogen, we studied global regulation of M. tuberculosis gene expression in response to acid stress.

Larvicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaf extract against .

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has been achieved by eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. The present study was conducted to evaluate the larvicidal efficacies of AgNPs synthesized using aqueous leaf extracts of against dengue vector, . The 3 and 4 instar larvae of were exposed to various concentrations of aqueous extracts of , synthesized AgNPs and also crude solvent extracts (methanol and chloroform) for 24 h.

Comparative analysis of endodontic smear layer removal efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 7% maleic acid, and 2% chlorhexidine using scanning electron microscope: An in vitro study.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of different endodontic irrigants in the removal of smear layer through scanning electron microscopic image analysis.

Materials And Methods: The present in vitro study was carried out on 45 single-rooted extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single canal and complete root formation. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups with 15 teeth in each group.

EspR-dependent ESAT-6 Protein Secretion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Requires the Presence of Virulence Regulator PhoP.

Attenuation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain is related to the loss of the RD1-encoded ESX-1 secretion system. The ESX-1 system secretes virulence factor ESAT-6 that plays a critical role in modulation of the host immune system, which is essential for establishment of a productive infection. Previous studies suggest that among the reasons for attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra is a mutation in the phoP gene that interferes with the ESX-1 secretion system and inhibits secretion of ESAT-6.

Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and alternative therapeutic options.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections and is responsible for ∼10% of all hospital-acquired infections worldwide. It continues to pose a therapeutic challenge because of the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with it and the possibility of development of drug resistance during therapy. Standard antibiotic regimes against P.

Inhibiting diffusion of complex contagions in social networks: theoretical and experimental results.

We consider the problem of inhibiting undesirable contagions (e.g. rumors, spread of mob behavior) in social networks.

A transcriptional co-repressor regulatory circuit controlling the heat-shock response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The co-ordinated regulation of heat shock proteins is critically important for the stress response of M. tuberculosis, failure of which results in enhanced immune recognition of the tubercle bacilli with reduced survival during chronic infections. In this study, we show that PhoP regulates the transcription of α-crystallin 2 (acr2), expression of which increases more than any other gene of M.

Establishment of cell suspension culture in Marchantia linearis Lehm & Lindenb. for the optimum production of flavonoids.

Bryophytes are the second largest group in the plant kingdom, but studies conducted to better understand their chemical composition are limited and scattered. Axenically grown bryophytes expressed potential in biotechnological processes. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro cell growth, culture parameters and their effect on flavonoid synthesis.

Multidrug-resistant endemic clonal strain of Candida auris in India.

Candida auris is a recently described rare agent of fungemia. It is notable for its antifungal resistance. A total of 15 C.

Tricuspid valve mycetoma in an infant successfully treated by excision and complex tricuspid valve repair followed by fluconazole therapy.

Background: Fungal valve endocarditis in children is an uncommon and lethal disease. The risk increases with use of central venous catheters (CVC), total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the neonatal period. Due to high mortality, a combination of surgery and antifungal therapy is usually recommended for treatment.

Innate immune recognition of microbial cell wall components and microbial strategies to evade such recognitions.

The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defence against invading microbes. The basis of this defence resides in the recognition of defined structural motifs of the microbes called "Microbial associated molecular patterns" that are absent in the host. Cell wall, the outer layer of both bacterial and fungal cells, a unique structure that is absent in the host and is recognized by the germ line encoded host receptors.

Inferring population-level contact heterogeneity from common epidemic data.

Models of infectious disease spread that incorporate contact heterogeneity through contact networks are an important tool for epidemiologists studying disease dynamics and assessing intervention strategies. One of the challenges of contact network epidemiology has been the difficulty of collecting individual and population-level data needed to develop an accurate representation of the underlying host population's contact structure. In this study, we evaluate the utility of common epidemiological measures (R0, epidemic peak size, duration and final size) for inferring the degree of heterogeneity in a population's unobserved contact structure through a Bayesian approach.

From biological and social network metaphors to coupled bio-social wireless networks.

Biological and social analogies have been long applied to complex systems. Inspiration has been drawn from biological solutions to solve problems in engineering products and systems, ranging from Velcro to camouflage to robotics to adaptive and learning computing methods. In this paper, we present an overview of recent advances in understanding biological systems as networks and use this understanding to design and analyse wireless communication networks.

CYP1A1m2 polymorphisms regulate estrogen and interleukin-6 in lung cancer.

Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women, is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually. Women are diagnosed to a greater extent than men with adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma, both of which are secretory-type tumors.