Publications by authors named "Anil Gupta"

Identification of novel drug targets is a key component of modern drug discovery. While antimalarial targets are often identified through the mechanism of action studies on phenotypically derived inhibitors, this method tends to be time- and resource-consuming. The discoverable target space is also constrained by existing compound libraries and phenotypic assay conditions.

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Background: Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) and tachycardia are associated with perioperative myocardial injury (PMI), and thereby increased postoperative mortality. Patients undergoing vascular surgery are specifically at risk of developing cardiac complications. This study aimed to explore the association between different thresholds for IOH and tachycardia, and PMI.

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This study introduces ice-sonication enzymatic extraction as a novel method for preparing honey-infused ready-to-drink (RTD) black tea, optimizing bioactive compound extraction and sensory appeal. The impact of ice addition (20-60 % replacement of water) and sonication time (10-60 min) on physicochemical properties, bioactive content, tea cream formation, and sensory attributes was investigated. The optimized method (40 % ice, 40-minute sonication) achieved superior yields: 46.

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Introduction: Heel pain is prevalent in foot and ankle practice, with plantar fasciitis being a common cause of chronic heel pain in adults. It is a degenerative condition of the plantar fascia, rendering the term fasciitis inaccurate. The condition has several alternative names, including painful heel syndrome and heel spur syndrome.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent cause of global cancer mortality. Most patients with CRC require surgical tumour resection, with certain stages of CRC (Stage II/III) also requiring postoperative chemotherapy. The timing of postoperative chemotherapy is largely determined by postoperative recovery.

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Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant populations remained under-immunized due to limited access to health care, language barriers, and vaccine hesitancy. The USAID-funded MOMENTUM Routine Immunization Transformation and Equity project supported the government in collaborating with various local health and non-health partners to identify and vaccinate migrants. This case study examines the roles of project partners and the strategies each entity implemented to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among migrants, as well as the perceptions regarding the effectiveness of these strategies.

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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary pathology characterized by the accumulation of surfactant within type II alveolar epithelial cells. Whole lung lavage is the standard treatment for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis involving a large volume of fluid is infused into one lung and subsequently retrieved while the other lung is remains ventilated. Fast-tracking a patient undergoing whole lung lavage requires vigilant monitoring of arterial blood gases, fluid status, and respiratory mechanics.

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Political accountability is essential for maintaining trust and transparency in governance. However, the factors that influence political parties' accountability remain underexplored in Nepal. This paper examines the factors influencing citizens' perceptions of political parties' accountability in Nepal, utilizing data from the National Governance Survey 2017/18 (N = 4191).

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Aim: The present case-control study was planned to assess the comparative efficacy of resin-modified calcium silicate, resin-modified glass ionomer, and Dycal as pulp capping agents in indirect pulp therapy for deeply carious young permanent molars.

Materials And Methods: Thirty deeply carious young posterior teeth were treated by indirect pulp therapy. During the treatment, the cavity floor was lined with TheraCal or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in the study group and with Dycal (control group) followed by GC IX and composite restoration.

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The identification of novel drug targets for the purpose of designing small molecule inhibitors is key component to modern drug discovery. In malaria parasites, discoveries of antimalarial targets have primarily occurred retroactively by investigating the mode of action of compounds found through phenotypic screens. Although this method has yielded many promising candidates, it is time- and resource-consuming and misses targets not captured by existing antimalarial compound libraries and phenotypic assay conditions.

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This investigation conducted a comprehensive multivariate analysis on thirty half-sib populations of Nepeta cataria L., derived from natural populations based on oil yield. The study addresses the lack of comprehensive data on genetic, phenotypic, and chemical diversity in Nepeta cataria, which is essential for material selection and for conducting effective breeding programs.

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Background: In a previous phase II trial, intraperitoneal local anaesthetics shortened the time interval between surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, an endpoint associated with improved survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Our objective was to test this in a phase III trial.

Methods: A double-blind, phase III parallel superiority trial was conducted at two university hospitals in Sweden, within a public and centralised healthcare system.

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Article Synopsis
  • Genetic factors significantly influence how long individuals live, and this study focuses on identifying these genetic variants in the Indian population by comparing individuals aged 85+ (long living individuals, LLIs) with younger controls aged 18-49.
  • The research utilized a custom chip for genetic data, revealing 9 variants linked to longevity, with certain alleles associated with positive traits like slower heart rate and lower risks for various disorders being more common in LLIs, while other risky alleles were less frequent.
  • The study also found that genes related to oxidative stress, DNA repair, and metabolism play important roles in healthy aging and longevity, confirming the genetic basis for these traits in the population.
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Patients with locally advanced breast cancer post-mastectomy complain of shoulder pain and restricted shoulder movement. The role of suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) in such patients needs to be explained as it may help in improving their quality of life along with pain relief. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) in improving shoulder motion and pain following surgery and compare its effect with exercise group.

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  • - Cerebral palsy (CP) can cause crouch gait due to tight hamstrings, leading to the need for surgical procedures like hamstring lengthening, with new methods like percutaneous techniques emerging as options.
  • - A study compared two types of hamstring lengthening surgeries (percutaneous vs. open) in children with spastic diplegic CP, focusing on their impact on gait and knee function.
  • - Results showed that both methods significantly improved patient outcomes, with no major differences between them, indicating that percutaneous hamstring lengthening is a safe and effective alternative to traditional surgery.
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Case: This case report describes the successful treatment of a year-round teenage softball pitcher who sustained a proximal biceps tendon rupture who underwent successful subpectoral tenodesis. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of such an injury occurring in an underhand throwing teenage athlete.

Conclusion: This case highlights an unusual instance of a sport-related injury in an adolescent softball pitcher, suggesting that the softball pitch in elite athletes may put similar stress on the shoulder to overhead throwing athletes over time and further demonstrating that patients may continue to have success at elite levels of competition after tenodesis.

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  • Local governments play a crucial role in executing sustainable development, but they struggle to effectively incorporate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their local plans.
  • In Nepal, while there is growing awareness of aligning local strategies with the SDG framework, many local governments have not yet integrated these goals fully into their programs and budgets.
  • Key challenges include a lack of resources, inadequate data, and limited coordination, but some local governments are beginning to create SDG-friendly plans, highlighting a shift towards more direct integration of these goals.
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  • Stereotactic ablative body radiation (SABR) is an effective treatment for liver cancer (HCC), but managing tumor movement is essential for accurate treatment delivery.
  • * In a study involving 10 patients, researchers compared different imaging techniques (like maximum intensity projection and average intensity projection) to see how well they matched the comprehensive target volume created using all respiratory phases (ITV_all_phase).
  • * The results showed that the all-phase 4DCT method provided the best accuracy for targeting liver tumors, highlighting the importance of using this approach to minimize treatment errors.
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Background: A 2-dose mRNA-1273 primary series in children aged 6 months-5 years (25 µg) and 6-11 years (50 µg) had an acceptable safety profile and was immunogenic in the phase 2/3 KidCOVE study. We present data from KidCOVE participants who received an mRNA-1273 booster dose.

Methods: An mRNA-1273 booster dose (10 µg for children aged 6 months-5 years; 25 µg for children aged 6-11 years; age groups based on participant age at enrollment) was administered ≥6 months after primary series completion.

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Introduction: Lumbar disc disease is one of the common causes of lower back pain caused by a change in the structure of the normal disc. Most of the time, disc disease happens as a result of aging and the normal breakdown that occurs within the disc. Caudal epidural steroid injections are the popular treatment for patients with chronic low back pain that does not respond to conservative management.

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  • Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are rare congenital anomalies that form fluid-filled sacs in the bronchial tree, often causing severe tracheal compression in adults, especially difficult for anesthesiologists.
  • A patient with a significant BC in the superior mediastinum faced near-complete tracheal compression, presenting symptoms like dyspnea and chest pain, requiring careful airway management for surgery.
  • Successful anesthesia was achieved through awake fiberoptic intubation and one-lung ventilation, highlighting the importance of thorough understanding and planning for airway management in patients with mediastinal masses.
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  • The study examines the effectiveness of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in delivering low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) to the lungs of COVID-19 patients while minimizing the risk of long-term radiation-induced cancer (RIC).
  • By analyzing data from 10 patients previously treated for thoracic malignancies, the researchers compared the dosimetry of VMAT with a conventional radiation technique, finding that VMAT significantly lowered doses to organs at risk (OARs) and the bone marrow.
  • The results showed that VMAT not only improved dosimetry parameters but also reduced the estimated lifetime attributable risk of cancer, making it the preferred method for lung LDRT in COVID-19 patients requiring doses of 1
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In efforts towards eliminating malaria, a discovery program was initiated to identify a novel antimalarial using KAF156 as a starting point. Following the most recent TCP/TPP guidelines, we have identified mCMQ069 with a predicted single oral dose for treatment (∼40-106 mg) and one-month chemoprevention (∼96-216 mg). We have improved unbound MPC and predicted human clearance by 18-fold and 10-fold respectively when compared to KAF156.

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Surgical excision of the primary tumor represents the most frequent and curative procedure for solid malignancies. Compelling evidence suggests that, despite its beneficial effects, surgery may impair immunosurveillance by triggering an immunosuppressive inflammatory stress response and favor recurrence by stimulating minimal residual disease. In addition, many factors interfere with the immune effectors before and after cancer procedures, such as malnutrition, anemia, or subsequent transfusion.

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Background: Cardiac risk evaluation prior to noncardiac surgery is fundamental to tailor peri-operative management to patient's estimated risk. Data on the degree of adherence to guidelines in patients at cardiovascular risk in Europe and factors influencing adherence are underexplored.

Objectives: The aim of this analysis was to describe the degree of adherence to [2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) guidelines] recommendations on rest echocardiography [transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)] and to stress imaging prior to noncardiac surgery in a large European sample and to assess factors potentially affecting adherence.

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