A wavefront adaptive sensing beamformer for ocean acoustic waveguides.

This paper addresses robust adaptive beamforming for passive sonar in uncertain, shallow-water environments. Conventional beamforming is still common in passive sonar because adaptive beamformers suffer from signal mismatch in complex multipath environments. Existing approaches to robust adaptive beamforming try to model and account for the uncertainty in the beamformer's hypothesized signal subspace by using additional linear or quadratic constraints.