[Symptomatic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia without headache].

We report the case of a 60-year-old man who exhibited trigeminal autonomic symptoms on his right side (numbness of the face, reddening of the eye, nasal congestion) occurring several times a day, for a maximum of 60 se-conds, without any pain. The complaints were similar to trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, just without any headache. Our 60-year-old male patient underwent a craniocervical MRI as part of his neurological workup, which revealed lesions indicative of demyelination.

[TRANSIENT PSEUDOBULBAR SYNDROME IN UNILATERAL FRONTAL OPERCULAR INFARCTS].

The classic anterior (frontal) opercular syndrome (Foix-Chavany-Marie sy.) is a cortical pseudobulbar palsy mainly due to bilateral lesions of anterior brain operculum. In 2000 the authors had a 70-year old female patient with acute onset of swallowing and speaking difficulty.

CHRONIC CEREBROSPINAL VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY--DISEASE OR MISDIAGNOSIS?

Background And Purpose: Former studies reported internal jugular vein stenosis in patients with multiple sclerosis. We aimed to evaluate if these venous stenoses were real and cerebral venous outflow of patients with multiple sclerosis differed from that of normal controls.

Methods: 20 controls were prospectively investigated by angiography and duplex ultrasound.

[Big blind spot syndrome (papillophlebitis) with unusual visual field defect].

We present three cases, where young patients had unilateral disc edema with normal optic nerve function. We diagnosed their disease as big blind spot syndrome (BBSS). What is remarkable, however, is that in two of the three cases the extent of the visual field defect considerably exceeded the one regularly emerging in BBSS, which caused us some difficulty in differential diagnosis.

[Pseudo abducens palsy].

In this study, we present two cases of different eye movement disorders with variable case histories but with the same end stage; abduction paresis of one of the eyes, which ceased when the other eye was covered. Our differential diagnosis is that either the ocular form of myasthenia gravis, convergence spasm or ocular myotonia could explain the symptoms. However, we hypothesize that the clinical picture corresponds to pseudo abducens palsy or focal dystonia of the extraocular muscle, which in turn could be the result of impaired inhibition of the tonic resting activity of the antagonistic medial rectus muscle.

[Posterior cortical atrophy (Benson-syndrome)].

We present the characteristics of posterior cortical atrophy--a very rare cortical dementia--in a 69 year old woman's case. Our patient's symptoms began with a visual problem which was initially explained by ophthalmological disorder. After neurological exam visual agnosia was diagnosed apart from other cognitive disorder (alexia without agraphia, acalculia, prosopagnosia, constructional disorder, clock-time recognition disorder, dressing apraxia, visuospatial disorientation).

[Posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy].

Here one case report of the posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, a rare and underdiagnosed form of the non arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy is presented, to underline the value of the MRI in the diagnosis. The ischaemic optic neuropathy is the infarction of the optic nerve. Depending on the affected segment of optic nerve (optic nerve head or retrobulbar segment) two subclasses exist: the anterior (AION) and the posterior (PION) ischaemic optic neuropathy.

[Uncommon manifestation of central nervous system sarcoidosis].

Two cases of uncommon manifestation of central nervous system sarcoidosis are reported. A 42 year-old man had a spinal cord sarcoidosis. MRI of the spinal cord showed myelopathy in the cervico-thoracic region, and the T2-weighted image showed increasing signal intensity.