Analysis of the Association between Retinal Artery Occlusion and Acute Ischaemic Stroke/ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Risk Factors in Hungarian Patients.

: We aimed to analyse data on retinal artery occlusion (RAO) patients to explore correlations with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and cardio/cerebrovascular comorbidities. : Our retrospective cohort study included 169 RAO and 169 age- and gender-matched control patients. We examined the association of AIS, STEMI, and related comorbidities such as hypertension (HT), type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1DM and T2DM, respectively), hyperlipidaemia, and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) with RAO.

Corneal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

: To evaluate detailed corneal parameters of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and to assess associations between anterior segment values and other clinical variables.: This prospective cross-sectional case-control study at a tertiary referral center included 30 CD patients, 36 UC patients and 80 age- and gender-matched controls with no ocular symptoms or ocular surface disorders. All study participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation with special interest in dry eye disease (DED).

Evaluation of Objective Signs and Subjective Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Aim: To evaluate tear film parameters and relationship of objective clinical signs and subjective symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subgroups.

Methods: 39 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 26 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 39 control persons with no ocular symptoms or surface disorders were included in this prospective, case-control, and cross-sectional study. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was applied to evaluate dry eye symptoms, and objective tests of DED were performed on both eyes of each subject.

Corneal Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis.

: Corneal involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is rare, but due to rich collagen composition cornea is especially vulnerable to connective tissue diseases. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate corneal parameters of SSc patients. : The study included 32 SSc patients and 39 control subjects with no ocular symptoms or ocular surface disorders.

Association between objective signs and subjective symptoms of dry eye disease in patients with systemic sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between clinical signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This cross-sectional observational study included 19 SSc patients and 19 normal subjects with no ocular symptoms or ocular surface disorders. Clinical parameters included tear film break-up time (tBUT), Schirmer I, lissamine green (LG) dye, and tear film osmolarity tests, tear production, and tear secretion flow.

Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser therapy for benign tumors of the eyelid margin.

Eyelid margin tumors require special attention based on both anatomical and histological perspectives. Our aim in this study was to evaluate carbon dioxide (CO) laser therapy for the treatment of eyelid margin tumors. Fifty-two patients with 55 eyelid margin tumors were included in this study.

Factors to be Considered when Performing Cataract Surgery in Patients Unable to Recline Flat.

Purpose: Although phacoemulsification is routinely performed with the patient in a supine position, certain locomotor deformities and other severe ailments can lead to the inability of the patient to recline flat.

Methods: The present article surveys publications and summarizes our own experience regarding positioning techniques during cataract surgery on patients unable to adopt a supine position.

Results: The successful and effective performance of cataract surgery by phacoemulsification depend on the comfortable positioning of both the patient and the surgeon.

Evaluation of commonly used tear sampling methods and their relevance in subsequent biochemical analysis.

The human precorneal tear film is a special body fluid, since it is a complex mixture of proteins, lipids, small bioactive molecules, and their concentrations and relative distribution represent not only the metabolic state of the ocular surface but also the systemic and local homeostasis of the outer eye and the human body. This suggests that biochemical analysis of the precorneal tear film composition may provide a non-invasive tool for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression or treatment efficacy in human medicine. However, collecting tears is demanding, and obtaining reproducible and unaltered samples is challenging because of the small sample volumes of tears.

Membrane array and multiplex bead analysis of tear cytokines in systemic sclerosis.

Although serious ocular manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) have been described, tear analysis of patients with SSc has not been performed in previous studies. Our aim was to measure a wide panel of cytokines and chemokines in tears of patients with SSc and to assess the most significant molecules with a more sensitive and specific method. Unstimulated tear samples were collected from nine patients with SSc and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tear Samples of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.

Background: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, characterized by widespread small vessel vasculopathy, immune dysregulation with production of autoantibodies, and progressive fibrosis. Changes in levels of proangiogenic cytokines had already been determined largely in serum. Our aim was to assess the levels of VEGF in human tears of patients with SSC.