Non-typhoidal among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda.

Introduction: Non-typhoidal (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, often associated with meat consumption and meat processing. Research on NTS infection and circulating serovars in meat value chains in Uganda is limited. We aimed to establish NTS prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors among slaughterhouse workers, and to identify potentially zoonotic serovars in the pork value chain.

Survival of highly related ESBL- and pAmpC- producing Escherichia coli in broiler farms identified before and after cleaning and disinfection using cgMLST.

Background: Broiler chickens are frequently colonized with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid mediated AmpC Beta-Lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacterales, and we are confronted with the potential spread of these resistant bacteria in the food chain, in the environment, and to humans. Research focused on identifying of transmission routes and investigating potential intervention measures against ESBL- and pAmpC- producing bacteria in the broiler production chain. However, few data are available on the effects of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures in broiler stables on ESBL- and pAmpC- producing bacteria.

Impact of air humidity on the tenacity of different agents in bioaerosols.

Despite the variety of pathogens that are transmitted via the airborne route, few data are available on factors that influence the tenacity of airborne pathogens. In order to better understand and thus control airborne infections, knowledge of these factors is important. In this study, three agents, S.

Stability of Feline Coronavirus in aerosols and dried in organic matrices on surfaces at various environmental conditions.

Enveloped respiratory viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can be transmitted through aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces. The stability of these viruses outside the host significantly impacts their transmission dynamics and the spread of diseases. In this study, we investigated the tenacity of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in aerosols and on surfaces under varying environmental conditions.

Detection of Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC)- in the Environment of Broiler Farms: Innovative Insights Delivered by Propidium Monoazide (PMA)-v-qPCR Analysis.

Campylobacteriosis cases in humans are of global concern, with high prevalence rates in the poultry reservoir considered the most important source of infection. Research findings show ' ability to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, remaining "viable" but unable to grow on culture media. We explored the persistence of VBNC states in specific environments, particularly at broiler farms, as this state may lead to an underestimation of the present prevalence.

Bacteriophage cocktail application for Campylobacter mitigation - from in vitro to in vivo.

Background: Effective strategies are urgently needed to control Campylobacteriosis, one of the most important foodborne gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Administering bacteriophages (phages) is under evaluation as a possible intervention strategy in primary poultry production to reduce the public health risk of human infection. A major challenge is the translation of results from small-scale animal studies to large broiler flocks.

The therapy frequency of antibiotics and phenotypical resistance of in calf rearing sites in Germany.

Introduction: The association between antibiotic use and the occurrence of resistant bacteria is a global health problem and is subject to enormous efforts at national and international levels. Within the scope of the study "KAbMon", the resistance situation as well as the use of antibiotics in calf rearing farms in Germany was investigated. We hypothesized that the levels of resistance are associated with certain calf keeping farm types, such as pre-weaned calf farms, animal groups, and therapy frequency.

Transmission pathways of spp. at broiler farms and their environment in Brandenburg, Germany.

Broiler meat is widely known as an important source of foodborne infections in humans. In this study, we thoroughly investigated transmission pathways that may contribute to possible contamination inside and outside broiler houses. For this purpose we carried out a comprehensive longitudinal sampling approach, using a semi-quantitative cultivation method to identify and quantify transmissions and reservoirs of spp.

Antimicrobial effect of a drinking water additive comprising four organic acids on Campylobacter load in broilers and monitoring of bacterial susceptibility.

Application of organic acids via feed or drinking water is under discussion as a possible intervention strategy to reduce Campylobacter (C.) load in primary poultry production. A previous in vitro study showed that reduced concentrations of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid were required for antibacterial activity against Campylobacter when using a mixture of these 4 acids compared to when using the single acids.

A Complex Competitive Exclusion Culture Reduces Colonization in Broiler Chickens at Slaughter Age In Vivo.

Diminishing prevalence in poultry flocks has proven to be extremely challenging. To date, efficacious control measures to reduce prevalence are still missing. A potential approach to control in modern poultry productions is to occupy its niche in the mucosal layer by administering live intestinal microbiota from adult chickens to dayold-chicks (competitive exclusion (CE)).

Innovative Textiles Used in Face Masks: Filtration Efficiency and Self-Disinfecting Properties against Coronaviruses.

Within the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, personal protective equipment, including face masks, is one important tool to interrupt virus transmission chains within the community. In this context, the quality of different face masks is frequently discussed and should, therefore, be evaluated. In this study, nanofleece textiles with a particle filtering effect and textiles with a self-disinfecting treatment were examined, which may be combined in face masks.

Emission Sources of Campylobacter from Agricultural Farms, Impact on Environmental Contamination and Intervention Strategies.

Although extensive research has been carried out to describe the transmission pathways of Campylobacter entering livestock farms, the role of livestock farms as source of Campylobacter contamination of the environment is still poorly investigated. It is assumed that Campylobacter-positive livestock farms contribute to an environmental contamination, depending on the animal species on the farm, their Campylobacter status, the housing system, manure management as well as their general farm hygienic and biosecurity management. Different emission sources, like manure, air, water, insects and rodents as well as personnel, including equipment and vehicles, contribute to Campylobacter emission into the environment.

Impact of different management measures on the colonization of broiler chickens with ESBL- and pAmpC- producing Escherichia coli in an experimental seeder-bird model.

The colonization of broilers with extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been extensively studied. However, only limited data on intervention strategies to reduce the colonization throughout the fattening period are available. To investigate practically relevant management measures for their potential to reduce colonization, a recently published seeder-bird colonization model was used.

Influence of Immune Status on the Airborne Colonization of Piglets with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clonal Complex (CC) 398.

Colonized vertebrates including humans and pigs are to date the main reservoirs of livestock-associated Methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA). Currently, the mechanisms underlying colonization of pigs are not fully understood. We investigated the influence of piglet pre-immune status on airborne MRSA colonization.

Bacteriophage amplification - A comparison of selected methods.

The bactericidal properties of bacteriophages have been used almost since the moment of the discovery of bacterial viruses. In the light of the rapidly growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, phage therapy is considered one of the most promising alternatives to classical treatment. Phage amplification is one of the most common procedures of working with phages, and high-titer preparations are beneficial at the experimental stage of studies as well as in practice.

Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a risk for both human and animal health. For livestock, highest prevalences have been reported in broiler chickens, which are therefore considered as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The possibility of transfer to humans either by a close contact to colonized broiler flocks or through contaminated retail meat results in the necessity to develop intervention measures for the entire broiler production chain.

ESBL-Producing in the Broiler Production Chain and the First Description of ST3128.

ESBL-producing represent an increasing problem both in human and veterinary medicine. As SHV-2 - encoding were recently detected in the broiler production we were interested in investigating a possible transmission along the broiler production chain and furthermore, in evaluating their possible impact on human health. Therefore, 41 ESBL-producing originating from a parent flock, from the hatcherys' environment during the hatching of that parent flocks' chickens, and from an associated fattening flock were investigated on an Illumina Miseq.

Association of farm-related factors with characteristics profiles of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- / plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms.

Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, is of major concern for animal and human health. In this study, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) / plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamase -producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms were characterised and associations of these isolate characteristics with farm-related factors were investigated across different types of livestock. A total of 469 isolates originating from 150 farms (34 broiler farms, 38 fattening pig farms, 43 dairy cattle farms, 35 beef cattle farms) was included in the analyses.

Persistent and Transient Airborne MRSA Colonization of Piglets in a Newly Established Animal Model.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) was first found in 2005 and is up to date widespread in animal husbandry reservoir - focusing on pig farming. The regular detectability of MRSA in the air of pigsties as well as in exhaust air of pig farms (mean count: 10 cfu/m) poses the question whether an airborne spread and, therefore, a MRSA colonization of animals the airborne route exists. To answer this question, we exposed three groups of nine MRSA-negative tested piglets each to a defined airborne MRSA concentration (10, 10, and 10 cfu/m) in our aerosol chamber for 24 h.

Prevalence and quantitative analysis of ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in broiler chicken during slaughter in Germany.

Food producing animals are considered a reservoir for Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC) producing Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, meat is discussed to be a potential source for the transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans. There is only limited information about the quantitative load of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different sample matrices during slaughter and their distribution in the slaughterhouse environment.

Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment.

High prevalence numbers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-)/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken and their distribution along the broiler production chain is an ongoing problem in food production. We, therefore, investigated resistant isolates along the broiler production chain to determine whether there is a constantly occurring direct vertical transmission of the ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli from the parent flocks to their offspring or not.

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-/AmpC Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Broiler Farms: Transmission Dynamics at Farm Level.

The occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and/or AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC) producing Enterobacteriaceae in livestock, especially in broiler fattening flocks, has been demonstrated in previous studies. Nevertheless, data on transmission routes of these resistant bacteria into the fattening farms are rare. Therefore, seven broiler fattening flocks were investigated for the occurrence of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae during the course of the fattening period with the special focus on horizontal transmission routes.

Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli in dairy and beef cattle farms-Joint analyses of two cross-sectional investigations in Germany.

Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics is of major concern for animal and human health. Knowledge of the prevalence of resistant bacteria in primary production is an important element to estimate transmission along the stages in the food production chain and the exposure of the human population. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant commensal E.

The Efficacy of Isolated Bacteriophages from Pig Farms against ESBL/AmpC-Producing from Pig and Turkey Farms.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases are plasmid (but also chromosomally) encoded enzymes found in Enterobacteriaceae, determining resistance to a variety of important antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. In recent decades, the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria has increased rapidly across the world. Here, we evaluate the potential use of bacteriophages in terms of a reduction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in healthy animals.

Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Encoded Cephamycinase-Producing Enterobacteria in the Broiler Hatchery as a Potential Mode of Pseudo-Vertical Transmission.

Unlabelled: Antimicrobial resistance through extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and transferable (plasmid-encoded) cephamycinases (pAmpCs) represents an increasing problem in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing commensal enterobacteria in farm animals, such as broiler chickens, is considered one possible source of food contamination and could therefore also be relevant for human colonization. Studies on transmission routes along the broiler production chain showed that 1-day-old hatchlings are already affected.