Effects of a multicomponent training and detraining on frailty status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior patterns and physical performance of pre-frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a multicomponent training protocol and detraining on frailty status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior patterns, and physical performance in pre-frail older adults.

Methods: A randomized controlled blinded trial was conducted with pre-frail older adults (74.8 ± 6.

Life-space mobility in older adults with Alzheimer's-type dementia.

Background: Mobility is an important component of functioning. Motor and cognitive impairment in older people with Alzheimer's disease can exert a negative impact on life-space mobility.

Objective: To compare life-space mobility in older adults with mild and moderate Alzheimer-type dementia and those without dementia and determine associations with health factors.

Can timed up and go subtasks predict functional decline in older adults with cognitive impairment?

Unlabelled: Even in the early stages of cognitive impairment, older people can present important motor alterations. However, there are no studies that have investigated Timed Up and Go (TUG) and its subtasks in predicting impairment of functional capacity over time in this population.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify if the TUG test and its subtasks can predict functional decline over 32 months in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Reproducibility of isokinetic measures of the knee and ankle muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults without and with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: To interpret changes of muscle strength in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD), determining the reliability of outcome measures is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relative and absolute intra-rater reliability of concentric isokinetic measures of the knee and ankle muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults without and with AD in the mild and moderate stages.

Methods: A methodological study was conducted.

Self-management strategies and multicomponent training to mitigate the effects of the interruption of physical exercise programmes in the pandemic context on functionality, sedentary behaviour, physical capacity, mental health, body composition and quality of life in older adults: a blinded randomized controlled study protocol.

Background: Considering the confinement recommended by the World Health Organization due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, many community physical exercise programmes for older adults have had their activities cancelled. In this context, proposing strategies to recover the possible adverse effects of the confinement period is pertinent. The use of self-management strategies associated with regular physical activity reduces sedentary behaviour and improves physical capacity in older adults.

Changes in executive function and gait in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease.

Unlabelled: Changes in executive function and motor aspects can compromise the prognosis of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and favor the evolution to dementia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in executive function and gait and to determine the association between changes in these variables.

Methods: A 32-month longitudinal study was conducted with 40 volunteers: 19 with preserved cognition (PrC), 15 with MCI and 6 with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Progression of Gait Changes in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Background And Purpose: The identification of altered gait and its progression over time is important to gaining a better understanding of the clinical aspects of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. The aim of the present systematic review was to determine changes in gait variables over time among older adults with MCI.

Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched for relevant articles using the following keywords and Medical Subject Headings: Aged AND "Mild cognitive impairment" AND (gait OR locomotion).

Effects of physical exercise on the cognition of older adults with frailty syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objectives: To analyze the effects of physical exercise on the cognition of community-dwelling older adults with frailty syndrome, through randomized clinical trials.

Data Sources: Articles published until March 2020 were searched in the databases Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane, IEEE, EMBASE, and SciELO. Search terms included frailty, aged, exercise, rehabilitation, and cognition.

Effect of complementary therapies on functional capacity and quality of life among prefrail and frail older adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Investigate the effects of complementary therapies on functional capacity and quality of life among prefrail and frail older adults.

Materials And Method: An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS and PEDro databases for relevant articles published up to September 2019. Only randomized controlled trials with interventions involving complementary therapies for prefrail and frail older adults were included.

Concomitant Evaluation of Heart Period and QT Interval Variability Spectral Markers to Typify Cardiac Control in Humans and Rats.

The variability of heart period, measured as the time distance between two consecutive QRS complexes from the electrocardiogram (RR), was exploited to infer cardiac vagal control, while the variability of the duration of the electrical activity of the heart, measured as the time interval from Q-wave onset to T-wave end (QT), was proposed as an indirect index of cardiac sympathetic modulation. This study tests the utility of the concomitant evaluation of RR variability (RRV) and QT variability (QTV) markers in typifying cardiac autonomic control of humans under different experimental conditions and of rat groups featuring documented differences in resting sympatho-vagal balance. We considered: (i) 23 healthy young subjects in resting supine position (REST) undergoing head-up tilt at 45° (T45) and 90° (T90) followed by recovery to the supine position; (ii) 9 Wistar (WI) and 14 wild-type Groningen (WT) rats in unstressed conditions, where the WT animals were classified as non-aggressive (non-AGG, = 9) and aggressive (AGG, = 5) according to the resident intruder test.

Exercise training in older adults, what effects on muscle force control? A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Aim: To determine the magnitude of the effects of different exercise training (ET) modalities on variables of muscle force control in older adults.

Methods: Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus, using the keywords: Aged AND "Exercise Movement Techniques" AND ("Complexity of torque" OR "Complexity of force" OR "Variability of torque" OR "Variability of force" OR "Force Steadiness" OR "Force fluctuations"). To be included in the full analysis, the studies had to be randomized controlled trials in which older adults were submitted to ET programs and muscle force control assessment.

Performance of an Adapted Version of the Timed Up-and-Go Test in People with Cognitive Impairments.

In clinical practice, older people with cognitive impairment may have difficulties to understand the instructions of the Timed Up-and-Go (TUGT) test and present a bad performance. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the TUGT performance, in an adapted version, between older adults with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to identify the association between the adapted TUGT performance and cognition among groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 118 community-dwelling older adults divided in three groups: PC ( = 40), MCI ( = 40) and AD ( = 38).

Complexity of knee extensor torque in patients with frailty syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Frailty syndrome is characterized by a marked reduction in physiological reserves and a clinical state of vulnerability to stress. Torque complexity analysis could reveal changes in the musculoskeletal systems that are the result of having the syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the complexity of submaximal isometric knee extensor torque in frail, pre-frail, and non-frail older adults.

Complexity of Knee Extensor Torque: Effect of Aging and Contraction Intensity.

Fiogbé, E, Vassimon-Barroso, V, Catai, AM, de Melo, RC, Quitério, RJ, Porta, A, and Takahashi, ACdM. Complexity of knee extensor torque: effect of aging and contraction intensity. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1050-1057, 2021-Assessing the knee extensors' torque complexity in older adults is relevant because these muscles are among the most involved in functional daily activities.

Dual-task as a predictor of falls in older people with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study.

Background: A dual-task tool with a challenging and daily secondary task, which involves executive functions, could facilitate the screening for risk of falls in older people with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To verify if a motor-cognitive dual-task test could predict falls in older people with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer's disease, and to establish cutoff scores for the tool for both groups.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted with community-dwelling older adults, including 40 with mild cognitive impairment and 38 with mild Alzheimer's disease.

Dual-Task Performance: Influence of Frailty, Level of Physical Activity, and Cognition.

Background And Purpose: Cognition and level of physical activity have been associated with frailty syndrome. The development of tools that assess deficits related to physical and cognitive frailties simultaneously are of common interest. However, little is known about how much these aspects influence the performance of dual-task tests.

Performance of Different Timed Up and Go Subtasks in Frailty Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Gait speed, mobility, and postural transitions should be taken into account in older adults with frailty syndrome and can be assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. However, it is unclear which TUG subtasks have greater influence in identifying frail people and whether prefrail individuals present with any reduced subtask performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in performance of TUG subtasks between frail, prefrail, and nonfrail older adults.

Risk Factors for Falls in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease.

Background And Purpose: Understanding fall risk factors in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) can help to establish specific plans for prevention of falls. The purpose of this study was to identify fall risk factors in older adults with MCI and mild AD.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted with community-dwelling older adults (40 MCI; 38 mild AD).

Linear and nonlinear analysis of postural control in frailty syndrome.

Background: Adaptive postural control can be impaired in the presence of frailty syndrome, given that this condition causes homeostatic dysregulation in physiological systems.

Objectives: To compare the center of pressure (CoP) displacements of non-frail, pre-frail, and frail elderly subjects in the standing position before and after postural transition of sitting and rising from a chair, using linear and nonlinear methods.

Methods: Forty-two elderly subjects were divided into 3 groups: non-frail (n=15), pre-frail (n=15), and frail (n=12).

Exercise training in older adults, what effects on muscle oxygenation? A systematic review.

Aim: To determine the effects of different modality of exercise training programs on muscle oxygenation in older adults.

Methods: Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus, using the keywords: "Aged" AND "Muscle oxygenation" AND (Exercise OR "Exercise therapy" OR "Exercise Movement Techniques" OR Hydrotherapy), without limitation concerning the publication date. To be included in the full analysis, the study had to be a randomized controlled trial in which older adults participants (mean age: 65 years at least) were submitted to an exercise-training program and muscle oxygenation assessment.

Effects of the Addition of a Dual Task to a Supervised Physical Exercise Program on Older Adults' Cognitive Performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of a dual task to multicomponent training on cognition of active older adults. Eighty physically active older adults were divided into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). Both groups performed multicomponent training over 12 weeks.

Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiac autonomic modulation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy postmenopausal women.

Methods: Two groups were evaluated: group 1 (G1): 20 women not undergoing HRT (60 ± 5.89 years), group 2 (G2): 20 women undergoing HRT (59 ± 5.