From open to robotic partial nephrectomy.

The present study does not establish comparisons of the different techniques (open, laparoscopic and robotic surgery); rather, it analyzes the how, when and why of each of them from a historical perspective. This historical analysis begins in the late XIX century and extends up to the present time. The study examines the principles, the uncertainties regarding the feasibility of the techniques, the failures, the complications, the doubts about whether the right thing is being done, and the success of a surgical treatment which is presently beyond question.

[Renal cell carcinoma molecular biology. Prognostic and therapeutic usefulness].

Renal cell adenocarcinoma requires different therapeutic pathways because it is one of the most therapy-resistant tumors, on the other hand it is biologically one of the most attractive tumors. Its pathological classification has a genetic base. There is an anomaly of the Von Hippel Lindau gene in 80% of adenocarcinomas, being this fact determinant to know the biological characteristics of tumor initiation and development, as well as the identification of factors susceptible to be used as therapeutic targets.

Perineal radical prostatectomy in the minimally invasive era.

Radical prostatectomy is currently the standard of care for localized prostate cancer. In the last decade, the minimally invasive surgery, especially the robotic surgery has been growing and open techniques are less frequent performed. A non-systematic review of the literature is performed, highlighting the current situation of the perineal radical prostatectomy in the minimally invasive era, its indications, and functional and oncological outcomes.

How does endorectal MRI, PET-CT and transrectal ultrasound contribute to diagnosis and management of localized prostate cancer.

We analyze the main imaging techniques (transrectal ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Position Emission Tomography) that are currently used in the diagnosis and management of localised prostate cancer patients. We analyze the results that may be obtained with transrectal US and describe the latest advances in this technique (Doppler, power doppler and contrast media). With Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we describe the underlying principles, results and indications as well as some new applications (diffusion, perfusion, spectroscopy and the use of lymphotrophic nanoparticles).

Association of crossed renal ectopia and aortic aneurism. Case report.

Objective: Renal malformations are rare entities and rarely have clinical consequences. Crossed renal ectopia has an incidence of 1/2.000 autopsies.

Role of positron emission tomography in urological oncology.

• Positron emission tomography (PET) is a diagnostic tool using radiotracers to show changes in metabolic activities in tissues. We analysed the role of PET and PET/computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of urological tumours. • A critical, non-structured review of the literature of the role of PET and PET/CT in urological oncology was conducted.

[Usefulness of PET scans in diagnosing recurrent prostate cancer. Prostate with PSA level < 5 ng/ml].

Introduction And Objectives: We intend to evaluate the usefulness of PET scans in diagnosing recurrent prostate cancer after a curative attempt using radical treatment.

Material And Methods: 92 consecutive prostate cancer patients in biochemical progression following radical surgery (63) or radiation treatment (29) were studied with positron emission tomography (PET). In all cases two scans were performed in the same day (11C-choline and 18F-FDG).

[Bladder leiomiosarcoma. A new case and a review of the literatura].

Bladder Leiomiosarcomas are exceptional mesenchimal tumours. Their differential diagnosis is basic to decide our therapeutic attitude. We present a new case of bladder leiomiosarcoma with a bad behavior and with multiple relapses, and perform a review of the literature in order to establish more properly the therapeutic attitudes.

[Development of bladder stone following a tension-free vaginal tape procedure: a case report].

The bladder stone formation due to intravesical mesh erosion of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) is an infrequent complication. We report a case of 73 years old woman, treated in two occasions by means of the positioning of a TVT with the intention of treating its urinary incontinence. The symptoms, of a year of evolution, was characterized by disuria, pelvic pain, diarrea and constitutional syndrome.

[Prostatic lymphoma and review of the literature].

Prostatic lymphoma is an exceptional pathology, that usually is diagnosed because its prostatic symthomatology or as consequence of its invasion by an extraprostatic lymphoma. We present a case of a patient affected by a prostatic lymphoma and we perform a review of the literature in order to establish the diagnostic and therapeutic steps.