Familial small cell carcinoma of the ovary.

Ovarian tumors have a low incidence in childhood, accounting for 1% of malignancies within the ages of 0-17 years. Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare histology and historically has a poor prognosis. We report a case of an 11-year-old female diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the ovary and hypercalcemia (SCCOHT).

Pediatric genitourinary tumors.

Purpose Of Review: We will review the 2007/2008 literature on pediatric genitourinary tumors.

Recent Findings: Newly identified constitutional epigenetic defects in Wilms tumor genes extend the understanding of Wilms tumor risk in children lacking syndromic features, and add to the complexity of the pathogenesis of these tumor suppressor genes. Pediatric renal cell carcinoma has distinct molecular characteristics and clinical associations from the adult counterpart.

Lepirudin for treatment of acute thrombosis during pregnancy.

Background: Thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy can be challenging when heparin is contraindicated. Limited data exist regarding alternative anticoagulants in the setting of pregnancy.

Case: We present a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome who developed heparin-induced thrombosis in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Turbulent urinary flow in the urethra could be a causal factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common form of prostate disease in middle-aged and elderly men, and leads to severe impairment later in life. Despite its significant impact on public health, the underlying cause of BPH is yet to be determined. This hypothesis proposes a new causal factor for BPH.