Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Unlabelled: During the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala's nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC).

Identification of metabolic correlates of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and machine learning.

Objective: To investigate metabolic changes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (H-MRSI).

Methods: Sixteen healthy controls (HC), 26 cognitively normal Parkinson's disease (PD-CN) patients, and 34 PD-MCI patients were scanned in this prospective study. Neuropsychological tests were performed, and three-dimensional H-MRSI was obtained at 3 T.

Evaluation of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder.

Objective: The most prominent functional magnetic resonance imaging findings about social anxiety disorder are increased activity in emotional regulation areas (amygdala, insula, hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) and fear circuit, and altered activity in prefrontal cortex. This study aims to investigate network abnormalities during resting state.

Method: Resting state functional magnetic resonance images of 21 drug-free patients with social anxiety disorder and 21 healthy controls (matched on age, gender, and years of education) were recorded.

Detection of visual and frontoparietal network perfusion deficits in Parkinson's disease dementia.

Mild cognitive impairment of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be an early manifestation that may progressively worsen to dementia. Cognitive decline has been associated with changes in the brain perfusion pattern. This study aimed to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits specific to different stages of cognitive decline.

Functional Connectivity Analysis in Heterozygous Glucocerebrosidase Mutation Carriers.

Background: There is evidence that alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of the striatocortical circuits may appear before the onset of clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate FC of the striatocortical circuitry in asymptomatic carriers of heterozygous glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations, which pose a significant risk for developing PD.

Methods: Twenty-one parents of confirmed Gaucher disease patients who were carrying heterozygous GBA mutations and 18 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were included.

Functional connectivity analysis of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy displaying different ictal propagation patterns.

The pathophysiology of switch-of lateralization and bilateral temporal asynchrony, which are scalp EEG ictal propagation patterns (iPP) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is poorly understood. We aimed to analyse functional connectivity (FC) of the temporal lobe and related areas in patients with TLE with iPP (iPP-TLE) and without iPP (non-iPP TLE). Twelve patients with iPP-TLE, 13 patients with non-iPP TLE, and 13 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI).

The cerebral blood flow deficits in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment using arterial spin labeling MRI.

Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) is currently diagnosed based on an arbitrarily predefined standard deviation of neuropsychological test scores, and more objective biomarkers for PD-MCI diagnosis are needed. The purpose of this study was to define possible brain perfusion-based biomarkers of not only mild cognitive impairment, but also risky gene carriers in PD using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI). Fifteen healthy controls (HC), 26 cognitively normal PD (PD-CN), and 27 PD-MCI subjects participated in this study.

Neuroinflammation Mediators are Reduced in Sera of Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) are at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Reliable biomarkers are required for objective identification of cognitive decline in PD. In this pilot study, serum levels of well-known mediators of neuroinflammation were measured in PD patients with or without MCI to find out the involvement of neuroinflammation and microglial activation in PD-MCI.

Intrinsic functional connectivity in social anxiety disorder with and without comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Neuroimaging research about social anxiety disorder (SAD) points to hyperactivity in the fear circuit and altered connectivity between the fear circuit and the intrinsic connectivity networks that modulate it. We investigated intrinsic functional connectivity changes in SAD patients by taking into consideration the commonly overlooked comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We compared intrinsic functional connectivity alterations in 16 patients with pure SAD, 18 patients with SAD and comorbid ADHD and 21 healthy controls using seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses.