Predictors of relapse in eating disorders: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) have high rates of relapse. However, it is still not clear which factors are the strongest predictors of ED relapse, and the extent to which predictors of relapse may vary due to study and individual differences.

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify and compare which factors predict relapse in EDs and evaluate various potential moderators of these relations (e.

A Network Analysis Investigation of Disordered Eating Across Demographic and Developmental Subpopulations Using a National Epidemiological Sample of High School Students.

Disordered eating (DE) poses a large societal burden, yet limited research has examined DE from a developmental epidemiological perspective. It is important to consider how demographics influence DE symptoms to inform prevention and early intervention programs across diverse subpopulations. Therefore, we conducted network analyses using a large nationally representative epidemiological sample of high school students (Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States; n = 59,582) to identify the most important symptoms and symptom relationships among six DE behaviors.

Eating disorder and social anxiety symptoms in Iranian preadolescents: a network analysis.

Purpose: Network studies of eating disorder (ED) symptoms have identified central and bridge symptoms in Western samples, yet few network models of ED symptoms have been tested in non-Western samples, especially among preadolescents. The current study tested a network model of ED symptoms in Iranian preadolescents (ages 9 to 13), as well as a model of co-occurring social anxiety disorder (SAD) and ED symptoms.

Method: Preadolescent boys (n = 405) and girls (n = 325) completed the Children Eating Attitudes Test-20 and Social Anxiety Scale for Children.

Using individual networks to identify treatment targets for eating disorder treatment: a proof-of-concept study and initial data.

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are severe mental illnesses, with high morbidity, mortality, and societal burden. EDs are extremely heterogenous, and only 50% of patients currently respond to first-line treatments. Personalized and effective treatments for EDs are drastically needed.

Pilot outcomes from a multidisciplinary telehealth versus in-person intensive outpatient program for eating disorders during versus before the Covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses with high rates of mortality, morbidity, and personal and societal costs. Onset of the Covid-19 pandemic led to increased ED diagnoses in the general public, as well as worsening of ED symptoms in those with an existing ED diagnosis. Heightened prevalence and severity of EDs during the pandemic is complicated by the fact that traditional modes of ED care (specialty intensive treatment provided by a multidisciplinary team) have been difficult to access during the pandemic.

Network Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress and Eating Disorder Symptoms in a Community Sample of Adults Exposed to Childhood Abuse.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders (EDs) are individually debilitating and highly comorbid conditions. Childhood abuse is a prominent risk factor for PTSD and ED symptoms both individually and as a comorbid syndrome (PTSD-ED). There may be a functional association between comorbid PTSD-ED symptoms whereby disordered eating behaviors are used to avoid trauma-related thoughts and feelings.

Personalized networks of eating disorder symptoms predicting eating disorder outcomes and remission.

Enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E) is one of the primary evidence-based treatments for adults with eating disorders (EDs). However, up to 50% of individuals do not respond to CBT-E, likely because of the high heterogeneity present even within similar diagnoses. This high heterogeneity, especially in regard to presenting pathology, makes it difficult to develop a treatment based "on averages" and for clinicians to accurately pinpoint which symptoms should be targeted in treatment.

Comprehensive Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions Augment Diaphragmatic Breathing for Rumination Syndrome: A Proof-of-Concept Trial.

Background: Rumination syndrome (RS) is often treated in medical settings with 1-2 sessions of diaphragmatic breathing to target reflexive abdominal wall contraction in response to conditioned cues (e.g., food).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Feasibility, acceptability, and proof-of-concept for children and adolescents.

Objective: Little is known about the optimal treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and proof-of-concept for cognitive-behavioral therapy for ARFID (CBT-AR) in children and adolescents.

Method: Males and females (ages 10-17 years) were offered 20-30 sessions of CBT-AR delivered in a family-based or individual format.

Muscle dysmorphia: A systematic and meta-analytic review of the literature to assess diagnostic validity.

Objective: Although muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a new addition to DSM-5 as a specifier of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), previous studies have treated MD as a stand-alone diagnosis. We aimed to assess the validity of MD as a stand-alone diagnosis via systematic and meta-analytic review of MD literature using both Robins and Guze criteria and additional criteria from Kendler.

Method: We performed a systematic search of ProQuest, PsycInfo, and PubMed databases for the period of January 1993 to October 2019 resulting in 40 papers to examine Robins and Guze's criteria (clinical picture) as well as those added by Kendler (antecedent validators; concurrent validators; predictive validators).

Avoidance coping during mealtimes predicts higher eating disorder symptoms.

Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by significant anxiety during mealtime that contributes to food avoidance and weight loss. Individuals with EDs commonly use avoidance coping (e.g.

Behavioral inhibition moderates the association between overvaluation of shape and weight and noncompensatory purging in eating disorders.

Objective: The cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) model of eating disorders suggests that compensatory purging behaviors (e.g., self-induced vomiting, inappropriate laxative use) are primarily driven by binge eating.

Catching As and Zs: poor sleep quality predicts failures to increase studying time.

Objective: We examined the association between sleep quality and academic performance by attending to university students' self-defined goals to increase studying behaviors over a four-week period.

Methods: We evaluated this association in 100 undergraduates, who self-elected to change their studying behaviors and were randomly assigned to one of three interventions (action planning, dissonance-based, or reflection).

Results: We found a negative association between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline and subsequent studying time over the next four weeks, reflecting a small to medium effect size (partial r = .

Prevalence and Characteristics of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Adult Neurogastroenterology Patients.

Background & Aims: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder that is characterized by avoidant or restrictive eating not primarily motivated by body shape or weight concerns. We aimed to determine the frequency of ARFID symptoms and study its characteristics and associated gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of charts from 410 consecutive referrals (ages, 18-90 y; 73.

The Efficacy of Modafinil as a Cognitive Enhancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Animal models and human studies have identified the potential of modafinil as a cognitive enhancing agent, independent of its effects on promoting wakefulness in sleep-deprived samples. Given that single-dose applications of other putative memory enhancers (eg, D-cycloserine, yohimbine, and methylene blue) have shown success in enhancing clinical outcomes for anxiety-related disorders, we conducted a meta-analytic review examining the potential for single-dose effects for modafinil on cognitive functioning in non-sleep-deprived adults.

Methods: A total of 19 placebo-controlled trials that examined the effects of single-dose modafinil versus placebo on the cognitive domains of attention, executive functioning, memory, or processing speed were identified, allowing for the calculation of 67 cognitive domain-specific effect sizes.

Eating disorder recovery is associated with absence of major depressive disorder and substance use disorders at 22-year longitudinal follow-up.

Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is common in eating disorders (EDs) and associated with poor outcomes, including increased risk for relapse and premature death. Yet little is known about comorbidity following ED recovery.

Methods: We examined two common comorbidities, major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD), in adult women with intake diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa who participated in a 22-year longitudinal study.

Impact of expanded diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder on clinical comparisons with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are restrictive eating disorders. There is a proposal before the American Psychiatric Association to broaden the current DSM-5 criteria for ARFID, which currently require dietary intake that is inadequate to support energy or nutritional needs. We compared the clinical presentations of ARFID and AN in an outpatient sample to determine how a more inclusive definition of ARFID, heterogeneous for age and weight status, is distinct from AN.

Factorial integrity and validation of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI).

The Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) is a 45-item self-report measure of eating pathology designed to be sensitive in assessing symptoms among diverse populations of individuals with disordered eating. The current study represents the first external validation of the EPSI as well as the first to examine the factor structure in an outpatient eating disorder clinic sample. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis in three separate samples: an outpatient clinic sample (n = 284), a college sample (n = 296), and a community sample (n = 341) and compared the observed factor structures to the original 8-factor solution proposed by Forbush et al.

Clicking away at co-rumination: co-rumination correlates across different modalities of communication.

Co-rumination is associated with positive friendship quality (thought to buffer against anxiety and depression) but paradoxically higher levels of anxiety and depression. With the increasing use of technology for communication among adults, there is little known about co-rumination effects across different modalities of communication. In the current study, we examined co-rumination through four methods (i.