Caries inhibition with CO-laser during orthodontic treatment: a study protocol for a randomized split-mouth controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: White spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment are a common problem. Recent studies reported increased resistance to acid demineralization of enamel after sub-ablative CO-laser irradiation in a combination with fluoride application. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of CO-laser in combination with a fluoride varnish in the prevention, severity, and extent of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Dental fear and anxiety in children: a review of the environmental factors.

Dental fear and anxiety are psychological reactions that interfere significantly with daily life. They are problems suffered by many patients worldwide that remain a significant challenge to providing adequate dental care. The multifactorial etiology of children's dental fear and anxiety identifies the influence of many different risk factors in its development.

Influence of Er:YAG Laser on Objective and Subjective Parameters of Stress during Sealant Application in Children.

Background: Acceptance of lasers as alternatives and accessory tools to traditional methods in dental medicine has created an explosion of interest. Er:YAG laser is recommended for enamel conditioning. There is no study evaluating the anxiety in children during fissure sealing procedures when using Er:YAG laser compared to the routine application technique.

Scanning Еlectron Мicroscopy of Еnamel and Dentin of Тeeth with Hypocalcified Аmelogenesis Imperfecta.

Unlabelled: The histological features of teeth with hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) have been poorly studied, which calls into question the effectiveness of modern adhesive techniques used in the treatment of these noncarious defects.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological features of the enamel and dentin of teeth with AI using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compare these features with those of healthy teeth.

Materials And Methods: We examined four primary teeth extracted on indication from a 10-year-old girl with hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta.

Behaviour Evaluation Scales For Pediatric Dental Patients - Review And Clinical Experience.

The present article makes a review of the relevant literature on the scales used in the assessment of behaviour of pediatric dental patients as well as presents the results we have had of using a modified Kurosu Behaviour Evaluation Scale to assess a study sample. The review makes a critical analysis of current evaluation methods and the design of assessment scales. The assessment tools most commonly used in pediatric dentistry are presented in a chronological order from the past to the present.

Perceived sources of stress in fifth year dental students--a comparative study.

Introduction: The term "stress" refers to the effect of certain external factors (physical or mental) on the individual's physical and psychological health. Stress is very high in dental medicine. It may well be generated by the process of training in dentistry.

II. Risk factors for crown fractures of permanent incisors in children from Plovdiv.

Aim: The present study considers gender, age, overjet and lip competence as risk factors for children to sustain crown fractures to their permanent incisors.

Material And Methods: A total of 2572 children aged 7-11 years were included in the epidemiological study. They were randomly recruited from the schools in Plovdiv.

I. Prevalence of crown fractures of permanent incisors in schoolchildren aged 7-11 years from Plovdiv.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of crown fractures of permanent incisors in schoolchildren aged 7-11 years from the town of Plovdiv.

Material And Methods: The present study included 2572 children (1287 boys and 1285 girls) at the age of 7 to 11 years from Plovdiv. A modification of the WHO classification for reporting crown fractures was used.

Caries epidemiology of the primary teeth in children from 3- to 8-years of age in Plovdiv.

Introduction: The need of current data on the epidemiology of caries of the primary teeth in 3- and 8-year-old children and establishing the trends in the prevalence of this disease in the last 18 years in Plovdiv determines the aim of the study.

Material And Methods: The study includes 1124 children--536 girls and 588 boys from randomly selected kindergartens and schools in Plovdiv. The carious and filled primary teeth were registered (df).

Incidence of caries of the primary teeth (IT) in 3- to 8-year-old children in Plovdiv.

Introduction: There is a recognized trend of a decrease of the caries incidence of primary teeth (It) in Europe and worldwide.

Aim: The need for updated data for the indicator It, as well as the need to study the trends of its development determine the aim of the present study.

Material And Methods: The study includes 1124 children from 3 to 8 years of age--536 girls and 588 boys, from randomly selected kindergartens and schools in Plovdiv.

Comparison of caries epidemiology of the primary teeth in 3- to 6-year-old children from Plovdiv and Karlovo/Sopot.

Introduction: Dental caries is affected by multiple factors, including socioeconomic conditions and the presence or absence of anticaries prevention programs.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to conduct comparative study of caries epidemiology of the primary teeth in 3- to 6-year-old children from Plovdiv and Karlovo/Sopot.

Material And Methods: The study includes 1250 children from 3 to 6 years of age--830 from Plovdiv and 420 from Karlovo/Sopot, from randomly selected kindergartens.

Eruption of first permanent molars in 4- to 8-year-old children in Plovdiv.

Introduction: The eruption age of the first permanent molars is one of the milestones by which the normal physical development of the child is evaluated.

Aim: The need of current data about M1 eruption in 4- to 8-year-old children determines the aim of the present study.

Material And Methods: The study includes 928 children from 4 to 8 years of age, from randomly selected kindergartens and schools in Plovdiv.