Disparities in Stage at Diagnosis among Hispanic Patients with Gastric Cancer in the United States.

Introduction: Racial disparities in gastric cancer outcomes, including stage at diagnosis and overall survival, continue to affect Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations. This study aims to evaluate these disparities across different racial groups.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using SEER data from 2018 to 2021, including 18,984 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer.

Multiplexed immunohistochemical analysis of the immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancers pre- & post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy: case series.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly being used in the management of locally advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). The evidence suggests a contributing role of tumor infiltrating immune cells in the prognosis and response. We set out to characterize immune modulation of tumor immune microenvironment in BTC following NACT.

Survival Analysis of Metastatic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Compared to Metastatic Average-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A SEER Database Analysis.

Background: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) is defined as colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years, and its incidence has been increasing over the last decade, now accounting for 10% of all new CRC diagnoses. Average-onset colorectal cancer (AO-CRC) has shown a steady decline in its incidence and related mortality over the past 20 years. The disparities in outcomes and overall survival (OS) between EO-CRC and AO-CRC are controversial.

Mangiferin, A Naturally Occurring Glucosylxanthone, Induces Apoptosis in Caco-2 Cells and Exerts Protective Effects on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice through the Regulation of NLRP3.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), an inflammatory disease, include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Dysregulated autoimmune response to gut dysbiosis is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and is triggered by various inciting environmental factors. With its rising prevalence in every continent, IBD has evolved into a global disease, which is on the rise, affecting people of all ages.

Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio appear predictive of immune treatment related toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: A well-recognized class effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) ranging from low grade toxicities to life-threatening end organ damage requiring permanent discontinuation of ICI. Deaths are reported in < 5% of patients treated with ICI. There are, however, no reliable markers to predict the onset and severity of IrAEs.

Distally based lateral supramalleolar flap for reconstructing distal foot defects in India: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Defects involving the ankle and foot are often the result of road traffic accidents. Many such defects are composite and require a flap for coverage, which is a significant challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Various locoregional options, such as reverse sural artery, reverse peroneal artery, peroneus brevis muscle, perforator-based, and fasciocutaneous flaps, have been used, but each flap type has limitations.

Granulomatous Hypophysitis - A Case Report.

Hypophysitis is a rare pituitary condition that commonly presents with nonspecific clinical and radiological patterns and is commonly misdiagnosed as pituitary adenoma. Definitive diagnosis can be made only by histopathology. No clearcut guidelines have been established for its management.

Oral Dyskinesia in a Pediatric Patient Following Concurrent Use of Neuroleptics and Stimulants: Treatment Strategy Considerations to Avert Avoidable Adverse Side Effects.

Withdrawal-emergent dyskinesia is a movement disorder that emerges following sudden discontinuation or rapid taper of antipsychotic medication. It is infrequently identified and typically resolves within a few weeks from symptom onset. This case report describes a unique case of reversible oral dyskinesia in a 13-year-old male in the context of concurrent neuroleptic withdrawal and stimulant titration.

Progression patterns and therapeutic sequencing following immune checkpoint inhibition for hepatocellular carcinoma: An international observational study.

Background And Aims: Different approaches are available after the progression of disease (PD) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the continuation of ICI, treatment switching to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and cessation of anticancer therapy. We sought to characterise the relationship between radiological patterns of progression and survival post-ICI, also appraising treatment strategies.

Methods: We screened 604 HCC patients treated with ICIs, including only those who experienced PD by data cut-off.

Health disparities and COVID-19: A retrospective study examining individual and community factors causing disproportionate COVID-19 outcomes in Cook County, Illinois.

Early data from the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that the disease has had a disproportionate impact on communities of color with higher infection and mortality rates within those communities. This study used demographic data from the 2018 US census estimates, mortality data from the Cook County Medical Examiner's office, and testing results from the Illinois Department of Public Health to perform bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to explore the role race plays in COVID-19 outcomes at the individual and community levels. We used the ZCTA Social Deprivation Index (SDI), a measure of ZCTA area level deprivation based on seven demographic characteristics to quantify the socio-economic variation in health outcomes and levels of disadvantage across ZCTAs.

Patterns and outcomes of subsequent therapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor discontinuation in HCC.

The availability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the management of advanced hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has changed the treatment paradigm. There are emerging questions regarding the efficacy of subsequent anticancer therapies. The primary aim of this retrospective, multicenter study was to examine the types of anticancer treatment received after ICIs and to assess the impact on post-ICI survival.

Inhibition of DDX3 and COX-2 by forskolin and evaluation of anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic effects on cervical cancer cells: molecular modelling and in vitro approaches.

Several studies have reported up-regulation of both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and DEAD-box RNA helicase3 (DDX3) and have validated their oncogenic role in many cancers. Inhibition of COX-2 and DDX3 offers a potential pharmacological strategy for prevention of cancer progression. The COX-2 isoform is expressed in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli in premalignant lesions, including cervical tissues.

Awake Single-Stage Bilateral Clavicle Surgeries Under Bilateral Clavipectoral Fascial Plane Blocks: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

The clavicle is a frequently fractured bone with an infrequent bilateral occurrence. Regional anesthesia (RA) for clavicle surgeries is always challenging due to its complex innervation arising from the two plexuses (cervical and brachial). Various RA techniques described for clavicle surgeries include plexus blocks, fascial plane blocks, and truncal blocks.

Early Antibiotic Exposure Is Not Detrimental to Therapeutic Effect from Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Rationale: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is an expanding therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antibiotics (ATB) taken prior to or early during ICI therapy can impact immunotherapy efficacy across indications; however, the effect of ATB is undefined in HCC.

Methods: In a large international cohort of 450 ICI recipients from Europe, North America, and Asia, we categorized patients according to timing of ATB focusing on exposure within -30 to +30 days from ICI (early immunotherapy period [EIOP]).

Treatment-related toxicity and improved outcome from immunotherapy in hepatocellular cancer: Evidence from an FDA pooled analysis of landmark clinical trials with validation from routine practice.

Purpose: The development of treatment-related adverse events (trAE) correlates favorably with clinical outcomes in multiple studies of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI); however, this relationship is undefined in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: We derived a cohort of 406 patients with unresectable/advanced HCC receiving ICI therapy as part of international clinical trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in support of marketing applications. We tested whether the development of clinically significant trAE (i.

Retrospective cohort study of neonatal early onset of sepsis and the role of the EOS calculator in a level II nursery.

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. With the improvement in health care standards, the incidence of neonatal Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) has reduced significantly. A recent Web-based EOS-calculator has been introduced with the aim to reduce the use of IV antibiotics in neonates.

Antacid exposure and immunotherapy outcomes among patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Antibiotic exposure has been associated with worse outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients, likely due to disruption of the gut microbiome. Other commonly prescribed medications, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), are also known to disrupt the microbiome, but data on their association with ICI outcomes are conflicting.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, international cohort study including 314 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with ICIs from 2017 to 2019 to assess the association between PPI or H2RA exposure (up to 30 days before ICI) and overall survival.

Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) by Andrographolide and Evaluation of Its Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Cervical Cancer.

This work is aimed at investigating the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cervical cancer and identifying a potential iNOS inhibitor. The data mining studies performed advocated iNOS to be a promising biomarker for cancer prognosis, as it is highly overexpressed in several malignant cancers. The elevated iNOS was found to be associated with poor survival and increased tumor aggressiveness in cervical cancer.

Years of potential life lost secondary to COVID-19: Cook County, Illinois.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to substantial morbidity and mortality world-wide. Evidence suggests that ethnic and racial minorities have been disproportionately affected in the United States, particularly within major population centers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Cook County, Illinois, and found that the rate of years of potential life lost (YPLL) was 4.

COVID-19 and the Nigerian correctional service: need for structured data.

Although prisoners are considered a vulnerable population, no data repository currently exists to monitor the COVID-19 incidence in Nigerian prisons. To better understand the impact of COVID-19 within the Nigerian prison system, prisons should develop detailed COVID-19 response protocols, implement enhanced point-of-care testing, and initiate contact tracing with meticulous data collection.

The utility of video technology and enhanced infection control in reducing COVID-19 disease burden in a custodial setting.

We describe the use of video technology to enhance case interviews, identify COVID-19 contacts, and determine exposures risk within a large juvenile temporary detention center. We created a COVID-19 outbreak management protocol which included the formation of an outbreak management team and enhanced infection control practices using video surveillance. Currently, our institution's positivity rate remains low for both staff and residents largely because of the outbreak management team.

Impact of corticosteroid therapy on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

The impact of corticosteroid therapy (CT) on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is undefined in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated whether CT administered at baseline (bCT) or concurrently with ICI (cCT) influences overall (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rates (ORR) in 341 patients collected across 3 continents. Of 304 eligible patients, 78 (26%) received 10 mg prednisone equivalent daily either as bCT (n=14, 5%) or cCT (n=64, 21%).

Publisher Correction: Science diplomacy for plant health.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.