Seeing is believing: Patients' attitudes and information preferences towards robotic gynaecological surgery.

Objectives: Robotic gynaecological surgery (RS) is reported to be associated with feelings of apprehension and anxiety pre-operatively in a proportion of patients. This study aimed to investigate patients' understanding and perceptions towards RS, and whether the format of RS information resources could improve acceptability of RS.

Design: A two-phase, sequential, mixed methods study involving semi-structured interviews of patients who had previously undergone gynaecological RS and a block-randomised crossover study of women from the general public.

Perils of Randomized Controlled Trial Survival Extrapolation Assuming Treatment Effect Waning: Why the Distinction Between Marginal and Conditional Estimates Matters.

Objectives: A long-term, constant, protective treatment effect is a strong assumption when extrapolating survival beyond clinical trial follow-up; hence, sensitivity to treatment effect waning is commonly assessed for economic evaluations. Forcing a hazard ratio (HR) to 1 does not necessarily estimate loss of individual-level treatment effect accurately because of HR selection bias. A simulation study was designed to explore the behavior of marginal HRs under a waning conditional (individual-level) treatment effect and demonstrate bias in forcing a marginal HR to 1 when the estimand is "survival difference with individual-level waning".

A systematic review of simulation studies which compare existing statistical methods to account for non-compliance in randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: Non-compliance is a common challenge for researchers and may reduce the power of an intention-to-treat analysis. Whilst a per protocol approach attempts to deal with this issue, it can result in biased estimates. Several methods to resolve this issue have been identified in previous reviews, but there is limited evidence supporting their use.

An evaluation of the Herscovici classification for fractures of the medial malleolus.

Background: Despite its use in the literature, the application of the Herscovici classification system for medial malleolus fractures has not been evaluated.

Methods: We aimed to determine the reliability and accuracy of the Herscovici classification. The blinded radiographs of 130 patients were independently classified by four orthopaedic trauma surgeons.