Laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty in paediatric pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction.

Aim: Compared to open pyeloplasty (OP), we hypothesised that laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) is associated with early recovery, a shorter length of stay (LOS) and less analgesia requirement.

Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 146 dismembered pyeloplasty cases were reviewed, of which 113 were in the OP group and 33 were in the LP group. We evaluated both groups regarding operative time, LOS, success rate, complications rate and analgesia requirement.

An OxPLORE Initiative Evaluating Children's Surgery Resources Worldwide: A Cross-sectional Implementation of the OReCS Document.

Background: The Global Initiative for Children's Surgery (GICS) group produced the Optimal Resources for Children's Surgery (OReCS) document in 2019, listing standards of children's surgical care by level of healthcare facilities within low resource settings. We have previously created and piloted an audit tool based on the OReCS criteria in a high-income setting. In this study, we aimed to validate its use in identifying gaps in children's surgery provision worldwide.

Reducing the incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation: Effect of microvascular techniques and a customized anticoagulation protocol.

We aimed to assess the incidence of HAT over three eras following implementation of microvascular techniques and a customized anticoagulation protocol in a predominantly cadaveric split liver transplant program. We retrospectively reviewed pediatric liver transplants performed between April 1986 and 2016 and analyzed the incidence HAT over three eras. In E1, 1986-2008, each patient received a standard dose of 5 U/kg/h of heparin and coagulation profiles normalized passively.

Outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for pediatric renovascular hypertension.

Background: Up to 10% of hypertensive children will have renovascular disease. Where medical therapy fails to control the hypertension, endovascular techniques can improve renal perfusion. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of angioplasty in controlling renovascular hypertension (RVH) in children.

Delayed primary closure and the incidence of surgical complications in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the general surgical complications in pediatric liver transplant recipients and the safety of delayed primary closure at a single tertiary center.

Methods: A retrospective review of all liver transplant recipients between April 1986 and May 2014 was performed. All general and gastrointestinal complications were recorded and analyzed.

Impact of the 2010 FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association) World Cup on Pediatric Injury and Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa.

Objective: To examine how a mass-gathering event (the Federation Internationale de Football Association World Cup, 2010, South Africa) impacts trauma and mortality in the pediatric (≤ 18 years) population.

Study Design: We investigated pediatric emergency visits at Cape Town's 3 largest public trauma centers and 3 private hospital groups, as well as deaths investigated by the 3 city mortuaries. We compared the 31 days of World Cup with equivalent periods from 2007-2009, and with the 2 weeks before and after the event.

Porcine dermal collagen (Permacol) for redo bladder exstrophy closure.

This report describes the use of a biosynthetic graft (Permacol) derived from porcine dermal collagen to reconstruct the abdominal wall of a 2-year-old boy with classic bladder exstrophy. The child had undergone 2 previous failed attempts at closure.

Magnetic bead toy ingestion: uses and disuses in children.

A 2-year-old female presented acutely with peritonitis and small bowel obstruction. An abdominal radiograph demonstrated a radiopaque foreign body. At laparotomy she was found to have bowel perforations with entero-enteric fistulae caused by four magnets.

An aggressive lymphatic malformation (Gorham's disease) leading to death of a child.

Here in, we present a case of aggressive Gorham's disease in a 10 year old boy. We document its evolution from a seemingly benign buttock mass to a widely invasive disease that was ultimately fatal. We highlight the challenges in the management of such an aggressive, yet benign process and review the available literature on the subject.

Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma: lessons from a developing-world series.

Objective: The objective was to retrospectively review a large series of pediatric patients with genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma from a developing country.

Methods: A total of 49 children were treated over a 47-year period (1961-2008). Analysis of the clinical presentation, demographics, surgical records, histological results, and oncological management was performed.

Extensive portal venous gas without obvious pneumatosis intestinalis in a preterm infant with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Portal venous gas is one of the classic radiologic features of necrotizing enterocolitis and is an uncommon isolated finding because it is most commonly seen in conjunction with pneumatosis intestinalis. In this case study, we present a preterm neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis who had extensive portal venous gas without obvious pneumatosis intestinalis.

Neonatal laparoscopy.

Until recently minimally invastive surgery was not performed in neonates. This was because of their small size and distinct physiological characteristics, neonates were not operated on using minimally invasive surgery until recently. Since the introduction of fine laparoscopic instruments, improvements in the surgical techniques and anaesthetic adjustments for laparoscopy, more complex operations are now being performed in neonates.

Hydronephrosis in children with abdominal and pelvic neoplasms: outcome and survival analysis of a single center pediatric oncology series.

Purpose: We ascertained the incidence and outcome of hydronephrosis related to abdominal or pelvic neoplasms and survival in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional oncology database between January 1995 and November 2009. We reviewed the charts of all children with intra-abdominal (nonrenal) and pelvic neoplasms.

Female epispadias managed by bladder neck plication via a perineal approach.

Female epispadias is a rare genitourinary anomaly characterized by urinary incontinence and typical appearance of the external genitalia. Traditional surgical approaches have involved a staged genitoplasty and interval bladder neck reconstruction. We describe further experience of a promising single-stage technique using a cystoscopically guided bladder neck plication via a perineal approach with combined genitoplasty.

The Ventral V-plasty: a simple procedure for the reconstruction of a congenital megaprepuce.

A buried penis secondary to a megaprepuce is defined clinically by a phimosis, failure of the corporal bodies to inhabit a variably deficient penile shaft skin and a basal hemispheric ballooning of the penis during micturition. Anatomically, it describes a condition in which a normal phallus is trapped within normal prepubic connective tissue by the excessive skin of a megaprepuce and a variable abundance of dartos fascia. Many surgical procedures have been described to correct this deformity, suggesting that no single method has a clear advantage.

Adverse reactions to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine in HIV-positive infants.

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is routinely administered to newborn infants in South Africa. In 2000, a new vaccine, the Danish 1331 strain, was introduced into the Western Cape region. Red Cross Children's Hospital subsequently documented an increase in the number of complications arising from the new vaccine.