[Bladder carcinoma: I. Epidemiologic considerations in the Basque country].

Review of several facts of epidemiological nature, from a study on bladder urothelial carcinoma cases detected over the period 1983-1990 in our centre, a reference hospital serving the Bilbao area. Certain data recently published by the Euskadi Cancer Register allowed us to establish some considerations related to the presence of this entity in our setting. Its incidence nears the highest rates in industrial countries.

[Ultrastructural study of the stromal component in urethral caruncle].

The stromal component of the urethral caruncle (UC) comprises a mixture of inflammatory, vascular, and fibrotic phenomena. Although mastocytes are cell elements known to appear in relation with chronic inflammation, there is no data in the literature explaining their significance in UCs or their ultrastructure relation with fibroblasts. We postulate that this special form of intercellular attachment could play a role in this condition's pathogenesis.

Identification of a Kin nuclear protein immunologically related to RecA protein in the rat CNS.

A polypeptide, called Kin, has been identified in cells of the central nervous system (CNS) by using antibodies raised against RecA protein of E. coli and by in situ hybridization with identified cDNA. RecA protein is a recombination enzyme associated with DNA repair.

[Conceptual review of oncocytic lesions].

Updating of a series of entities which significance is not always pathological, or it is poorly known, and which are related to oxyphilic transformation of epithelial cells. Review of concepts such as "oncocytosis", "oncocytic hyperplasia" and "oncocytoma", establishing a hypothetical continuum of damage which could actually be contemplated within the evolution spectrum of hyperplasia-adenoma-carcinoma. Also, both the changes occurring at subcellular level and the hypothesis considered to explain them are commented.

Cavitation of lung metastases from bladder cancer. Report of two cases.

We describe 2 cases of cavitary lung metastasis from bladder cancer and retrospectively analyze the frequency of such an event in our environment. Although rare, this finding is not exceptional and should be taken into account when clinicians and oncologists face the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavitation. Moreover, a cavitary pulmonary nodule may also be the presenting sign of bladder cancer.

[Neurogenic bladder and recurrent emphysematous cystitis].

A case of recurrent emphysematous cystitis in a 44-year-old male diabetic is described. Treatment of the first episode had been effective and demonstrable radiologically. A recurrent episode of cystitis disclosed a neurogenic bladder, which had not been detected previously.

[Adrenal pseudocyst: clinicopathologic study of a case].

Herein we describe a case of a hemorrhagic adrenal pseudocyst that had been initially suspected as being a renal adenocarcinoma. The intraoperative anatomopathological study of the specimen permitted performing conservative surgery. The diagnosis and pathogenesis of this uncommon disease entity are discussed.

[Carcinoma of the prostate metastasized to mandible simulating primary parotid tumor].

We report a case of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the mandible that had been initially suspected as being a primary carcinoma of the parotid with lymph node metastasis. The present case underscores the diverse forms of manifestation of prostate carcinoma.

Urologic malignancies and progressive systemic sclerosis.

We present two cases of urologic malignancies, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and renal cell carcinoma respectively, closely associated to progressive systemic sclerosis. The relationship between such neoplasms and immune disorders is thereof reviewed. Cancer may develop in a context of diminished immunological surveillance.

Upregulation of forebrain proenkephalin mRNA subsequent to NMDA receptor blockade.

Blockade of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors for 5 h with MK 801 resulted in elevated levels of proenkephalin mRNA (up to 40% above vehicle-injected controls) in medial and anterior aspects of the caudate-putamen (mCPU and aCPU) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Increases were dose-dependent, with maximal effect at 0.1 mg/kg (body weight).

[Helicobacter pylori infection and duodeno-gastric reflux].

We have studied and measured the duodenogastric reflux in 11 children with chronic abdominal pain and Helicobacter pylori (HP) through 24-hours gastric pH-metric studies. All parameters evaluated: Number of reflux episodes (NR 92.87 +/- 27.

[Angioma of the glans, report of 2 cases].

We present two cases of angioma of the glans penis and we reviewed this disease entity from a clinical and therapeutic points of view, classically understood as a proliferative process of a malformative nature. However, both cases that are described can be interpreted as true vascular tumors of a benign nature.

[Acute focal bacterial nephritis in a case of AIDS].

Presentation of one case of bacterial acute focal nephritis (acute lobe nephrosis) in a parenterally drug-abuser, HIV-infected male. From the clinical point of view, the picture was interpreted as acute hepatitis, and the lesion was detected by ultrasound techniques. A right side location, relative lack of urological symptoms and coexistence of a chronic liver disease contributed to the diagnostic error.

The value of tumour spread, grading and growth pattern as morphological predictive parameters in bladder carcinoma. A critical revision of the 1987 TNM classification.

A group of 343 patients with bladder carcinomas was uniformly staged, both clinico-radiologically and pathologically. In accordance with pathological staging, they were treated from 1983 to 1990 and follow-up was closed on January 1992. No systemic chemotherapy regime was used.

[Focal urinary Salmonella infection].

A case of focal Salmonella sp. urinary infection in an elderly diabetic patient is described herein. The therapeutic approach in this uncommon type of infection is discussed.

Implantation of genetically modified mesencephalic fetal cells into the rat striatum.

Transplantation of dopamine (DA) cells into the rat model of hemiparkinsonism induced by intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injections has so far focused mainly on DA replacement via a pump-like mechanism. In the present study, we employed a model of hemiparkinsonism that uses an intrastriatal approach to lesioning the nigrostriatal DA pathway to assess the possibility of using cell transplantation to cause regeneration of that system. Toward that end, we transplanted two types of cells on the side of the 6-OHDA-induced lesions: 1) nonmodified fetal mesencephalic cells and 2) fetal mesencephalic cells that have been infected with a retrovirus vector containing a PKC beta 1 cDNA.

[Renal carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A clinical report].

Presentation of one case of a 61-year old male with a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, where a renal cell adenocarcinoma was unexpectedly discovered during and extension study. Review of the pathogenic significance of such association in the light of the various explicative hypothesis of this concurrence.

[24-hour simultaneous esophagogastric pH-metry in children].

Twenty-four-hour pH-monitoring of the lower oesophagus is the best test for diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) because it is the only one allowing its quantification. Unfortunately, it is limited by the fact that acid exposure is not the only mechanism by which GER harms the oesophagus. In the last 12 months we have introduced in our Institution simultaneous oeso-gastric pH-metering using a double-channel recorder and gastric and oesophageal electrodes.

Mixed signet-ring and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Report of a case.

A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder displaying prominent signet-ring cell features is reported. Despite combined therapy, the patient died within a few months of the diagnosis, thus confirming the poor prognosis of this tumor. We understand this entity could be considered as an example of neoplastic-associated metaplasia and therefore propose that it should be distinguished from genuine adenocarcinoma.

Intrathoracic kidney and vertebral fusion: a model of combined misdevelopment.

We report a case of right intrathoracic kidney associated with a complex somite malformation that comprised vertebral fusion and right intrathoracic supernumerary ribs. The interpretation of this association as a disease model of nature allows us to propose a unifying hypothesis on the pathogenesis of this form of renal dystopia.