A Scale for Evaluating the Methodological Quality of Studies Based on Observational Methodology.

Background: To date, no studies have shown validity evidence of a scale that measures the methodological quality of studies based on observational methodology (SBOM). This study presents validity evidence of the Methodological Quality Scale for Studies based on Observational Methodology (MQSOM) based on its internal structure.

Method: MQSOM was applied to 650 journal articles that used observational methodology.

pDCs, type 1 IFN, and the female predileXion of SSc.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that preferentially afflicts women. The molecular origins of this female bias are unclear. A new study of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from SSc patients by Du et al.

Being a Pakistani mother in Catalonia: a mixed methods study.

Introduction: In Pakistani migrant families, contextual transformation can affect adult caregivers' parental skills and their ability to exercise positive parenting. We focused on identifying and describing patterns, practices and beliefs about parenting, identifying differential characteristics between the context of origin and the host context, and exploring Pakistani immigrants' use of resources or assets in the area of parenting support.

Methods: Participants consisted of 20 women, established in Catalonia, Spain (<5 years of residence) who have children (at least one of preschool-age).

Systematic observation of participatory interaction in university lectures: a multiple case study with a mixed methods approach.

Introduction: In order to improve and innovate the face-to-face instructional task in postgraduate and doctoral university teaching encompasses different formats of participatory interaction (PI), considered to be social medium facilitators of deep learning, including the development of autonomous expert activity. The purpose of this article is to establish the use of systematic observation and lag sequential analysis as a conceptual-methodological choice to base the review of social-constructivist instructional practice that is taught in an expository format prepared by the teacher.

Method: The systematic observation of the expert's expository session from its inception to its conclusion was approached from a mixed methods perspective as a subject of multiple case studies.

Focus group on conflict management in the classroom in Secondary Education in Costa Rica: mixed methods approach.

Introduction: The educational system in Costa Rica, as regulated by Law #7727, which governs Alternative Conflict Resolution and Promotion of Social Peace must consider the interplay of various factors influencing classroom conflicts and the management strategies employed by teachers. Consequently, it becomes imperative to identify the most effective conflict resolution practices applicable within this context. To achieve this, a thorough procedure based on mixed methods was employed to analyze and interpret both classroom conflict behaviors and teachers' strategic responses.

Maintenance of X chromosome inactivation after T cell activation requires NF-κB signaling.

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) balances X-linked gene dosage between sexes. Unstimulated T cells lack cytological enrichment of X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) RNA and heterochromatic modifications on the inactive X chromosome (Xi), which are involved in maintenance of XCI, and these modifications return to the Xi after stimulation. Here, we examined allele-specific gene expression and epigenomic profiles of the Xi in T cells.

Analysis of motor behavior in piano performance from the mixed methods approach.

Introduction: The focus of this study centers on the extraction, analysis, and interpretation of the motor behavior of advanced-level pianists using observational methodology, itself framed within the field of mixed methods, paying particular attention to those aspects that characterize the pressed and struck touch. The aim of this research was to analyze the motor interactions of activation or inhibition associated with the production of a type of touch in the movements of the right upper limb of the participating pianists.

Methods: An observational instrument was built that was incorporated into the software Lince Plus for data recording and coding.

Emotional regulation in the classroom: detection of multiple cases from systematic observation.

Introduction: Emotional education is learned by living with others. This study analyzes how different actors participate in the classroom, influencing students' emotional regulation.

Methods: Using a mixed methods approach [structured in macro-stages QUAL-QUAN-QUAL], 9 classes in three Chilean schools with children aged 10 to 12 are systematically observed.

Neuropsychological analysis of anxiety and executive control of motor patterns in athletes and non-athletes.

Introduction: Even simple tapping tasks require cognitive processes. Some variants of the Finger Tapping Test (FTT) may reveal cognitive aspects associated with frontal processing, including executive functions such as inhibition, or emotional aspects such as anxiety. A context of particular interest for the application of cognitive-motor-anxiety interactions is sports.

Testosterone deficiency promotes arterial stiffening independent of sex chromosome complement.

Background: Sex hormones and sex chromosomes play a vital role in cardiovascular disease. Testosterone plays a crucial role in men's health. Lower testosterone level is associated with cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases, including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes.

Deletion in B Cells Results in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Phenotypes.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease preferentially observed in females. X-linked gene expression in XX females is normalized to that of XY males by X-Chromosome Inactivation (XCI). However, B cells from female SLE patients and mouse models of SLE exhibit mislocalization of Xist RNA, a critical regulator of XCI, and aberrant expression of X-linked genes, suggesting that impairment of XCI may contribute to disease.

Modulation of recovery from neonatal hyperoxic lung injury by sex as a biological variable.

Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia.

NF-κB Signaling is Required for X-Chromosome Inactivation Maintenance Following T cell Activation.

X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI) is a female-specific process which balances X-linked gene dosage between sexes. Unstimulated T cells lack cytological enrichment of RNA and heterochromatic modifications on the inactive X chromosome (Xi), and these modifications become enriched at the Xi after cell stimulation. Here, we examined allele-specific gene expression and the epigenomic profiles of the Xi following T cell stimulation.

The conneXion between sex and immune responses.

There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system.

Selection of a Probiotic for Its Potential for Developing a Synbiotic Peach and Grape Juice.

Due to recent interest in the potential of probiotics as health promoters and the impact of health and environmental concerns on eating habits, non-dairy probiotic food products are required. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of different probiotic microorganisms in peach and grape juice (PGJ) with or without the prebiotic inulin and their antimicrobial activity against the foodborne pathogen and the juice spoilage microorganism . Firstly, the viability of seven probiotic strains was studied in PGJ with an initial concentration of 10 CFU/mL for 21 days at 4 °C and for 3 days at 37 °C.

Methodological procedure based on quantitizing/liquefying: a case study to assess work climate in an emergency department.

Introduction: In the assessment of health organizations, results-based indicators are mainly used, with no consideration of internal work dynamics. This type of assessment forfeits much of the rich, useful information needed to make decisions on improving the organization. In order to address this, a rigorous procedure based on mixed methods is laid out here on gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data associated with the implementation process.

Testosterone Deficiency Promotes Arterial Stiffening Independent of Sex Chromosome Complement.

Background: Testosterone plays a vital role in men's health. Lower testosterone level is associated with cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases, including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Testosterone replacement is beneficial or neutral to men's cardiovascular health.

Modulation of Recovery from Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Sex as a Biological Variable.

Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia.

Impaired dynamic X-chromosome inactivation maintenance in T cells is a feature of spontaneous murine SLE that is exacerbated in female-biased models.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly female-biased systemic autoimmune disease, but the molecular basis for this female bias remains incompletely elucidated. B and T lymphocytes from patients with SLE and female-biased mouse models of SLE exhibit features of epigenetic dysregulation on the X chromosome which may contribute to this strong female bias. We therefore examined the fidelity of dynamic X-chromosome inactivation maintenance (dXCIm) in the pathogenesis of two murine models of spontaneous lupus-NZM2328 and MRL/lpr-with disparate levels of female-bias to determine whether impaired dXCIm contributes to the female bias of disease.

Future horizons in the analysis of technical-tactical performance in women's football: a mixed methods approach to the analysis of in-depth interviews with professional coaches and players.

Introduction: Scientific knowledge about the criteria that determine success in women's football is beginning to develop.

Methods: This study was carried out with the aim of detecting regularities in the offensive success in elite women's football, as well as carrying out an interrelational analysis of linked behaviors, based on in-depth interviews with professional coaches and players. Eight in-depth interviews were conducted with professional Spanish coaches and players.

Systematic Observation of Emotional Regulation in the School Classroom: A Contribution to the Mental Health of New Generations.

Emotional regulation is a developmental milestone, as it promotes well-being throughout life. Children between 10 and 12 years old are expected to reach capacities that allow them to regulate themselves emotionally, the school context being a natural setting for this challenge. With the objective of analyzing the forms of expression and regulation of emotions that are observed in the school classroom, this research was conducted through a study that systematically observed nine classes during five sessions each.

T-pattern detection in the scientific literature of this century: A systematic review.

Introduction: Scientific literature contains mainly systematic reviews focused on substantial aspects, but there are also approaches that have combined both substantial and methodological aspects, which is our preferred option since it undeniably adds value. The aims of this study were: (1) to carry out a systematic review of the literatura on T-Pattern analysis (TPA), and (2) to explore the possible contribution of mixed methods research to the integration of qualitative and quantitative elements on a synthesis level.

Methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, searches were carried out in the Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases.

New insights into the behavioral structure of Pikler educators: An application of T-pattern detection and analysis with THEME.

Introduction: The recent generalization of early childhood schooling has given rise to a need for the development of rigorous, specific training programs aimed at early education professionals (0-3 years of age). This work emanates from the unique nature of Pikler-Lóczy education as a reference for early childhood education centers, and its expertise in providing quality care in an everyday classroom situation. The aim of the study is to use T-pattern detection and analysis, within the framework of observational methodology, to identify relevant aspects of the followed by Pikler educators during breakfast, and thus provide substantial material with a view to creating a training plan.