Analysis of the pachychoroid phenotype in an Asian population: methodology and baseline study population characteristics.

Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics in a cohort of patients with the pachychoroid phenotype and to evaluate the association of ocular and systemic factors with type of complications observed.

Methods: We report baseline findings from a prospective observational study which recruited subjects with subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of ≥300 µm on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Multimodal imaging was used to classify eyes as uncomplicated pachychoroid (UP) or pachychoroid disease with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) or pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) subtypes.

Case Report: Retinal Vasculitis in Two Adolescents After COVID-19 Vaccination.

Purpose: To report two cases of bilateral retinal vasculitis in adolescents following COVID-19 vaccination.

Study Design: Case report.

Results:  We report the first two cases of retinal vasculitis in adolescents following COVID-19 vaccinations.

Novel Technique for 27-Gauge Forceps-Assisted Transscleral Refixation of the Dislocated CZ70BD Intraocular Lens.

Purpose: To report a novel technique for refixation of the dislocated CZ70BD intraocular lens.

Methods: Posterior vitrectomy is performed with a 23-gauge or 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy system with chandelier illumination. One needle of a double-arm 9-0 prolene needle is passed through the sclera 1.

Author Correction: Determinants of Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Patients with Diabetes.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Determinants of Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Patients with Diabetes.

Early microvascular damage in diabetes (e.g. capillary nonperfusion and ischemia) can now be assessed and quantified with optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A).

Presumed Sterile Endophthalmitis Afer Intravitreal Triamcinolone (Kenalog)-More Common and Less Benign Than We Thought?

Purpose: This study aimed to review the incidence and clinical outcome of presumed sterile endophthalmitis after the off-label use of intravitreal Kenalog injections (triamcinolone acetonide with 1.5% benzyl alcohol) and to compare it with the presumed sterile endophthalmitis incidence after intravitreal Kenacort-A (0.99% benzyl alcohol) at our center.

Surgical treatment for diabetic vitreoretinal diseases: a review.

Over the past four decades, advancements in surgical instrumentations and techniques have significantly improved the postoperative anatomical and visual outcomes of patients with various diabetic vitreoretinal diseases. In particular, surgical interventions for previously serious and untreatable blinding proliferative diabetic retinopathy can now be performed, with much better results. The advents of micro incisional vitrectomy system with better visualization system like binocular indirect ophthalmomicroscope and state-of-the-art instrumentation revolutionized the era of diabetic vitrectomy.

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of phacoemulsification in true exfoliation syndrome.

Purpose: To review the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with true exfoliation syndrome of the lens capsule having phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Setting: Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Design: Case series.

Long-term effectiveness of ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are major causes of visual impairment in the elderly population worldwide. With the aging population, the prevalence of neovascular AMD and DME has increased substantially over the recent years. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of both neovascular AMD and DME.

Prevalence of ocular abnormalities in adults with Down syndrome in Hong Kong.

Background/aims: This was a cross-sectional survey to find the prevalence of visual impairment and eye diseases among adults with Down syndrome (DS) in Hong Kong.

Methods: 91 DS patients over the age of 30 were recruited through the Hong Kong Down Syndrome Association. Each patient was provided with a complete ophthalmological assessment including best corrected visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp and fundus examination.

Choroidal evaluation using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Background: Current imaging modalities used in the evaluation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease include ultrasound, fluorescein angiogram, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, they all fail to give detailed information on the ultrastructural changes of the choroid. A recent technique using OCT termed "enhanced depth imaging" produces high-resolution cross-sectional images of the whole thickness of the choroid.

First report of Tsukamurella keratitis: association between T. tyrosinosolvens and T. pulmonis and ophthalmologic infections.

We describe the first two cases of Tsukamurella keratitis, presented as eye pain with or without blurring of vision. One case was associated with trichiasis and the other with contact lens wear. The two isolates were identified as T.

Clinical isolates of Streptococcus iniae from Asia are more mucoid and beta-hemolytic than those from North America.

Streptococcus iniae, a widely distributed fish pathogen, is known to cause rare cases of human infection. We describe 2 cases of invasive S. iniae infection, one with septic arthritis complicating chronic gout and the other with bacteremic cellulitis.

Cerebral palsy: correlation of risk factors and functional performance using the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM).

We studied the risk factors affecting the functional status of cerebral palsy. A cross-sectional study of 73 children with cerebral palsy was conducted with the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), which assesses functional skills in the domains of self-care, mobility, and cognition. The mean total Functional Independence Measure for Children quotient was 67.