Synergic use of botulinum toxin injection and radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy in Multiple Sclerosis spasticity.

Background And Aim: In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) spasticity worsen patient's quality of life. Botulinum NeuroToxin TypeA (BoNT-A) is extensively used in focal spasticity, frequently combined with physical therapies. Radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESW) were already used in association with BoNT-A.

Nintendo Wii Xbox Kinect for functional locomotion in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of commercial exergames treatments on people with Parkinson's disease (PD), a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials (RCT) was performed to evaluate functional locomotion effects in patients with PD.

Methods: A comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane, and other databases without language restrictions was conducted. References and reviews were cross-checked for possible studies.

Late Activation of the Vastus Medialis in Determining the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Soccer Players.

Context: Activation time of the quadriceps is important in determining injury risk in professional soccer players.

Objective: To compare the activation time of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles during a movement that puts stress on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to assess the risk of ACL injury.

Design: Case series.